Facial expressions and emotions in indigenous societies

In this chapter we critically review and evaluate the evidence supporting one of the core assumptions of basic and applied research on emotion: the pan-cultural “recognition” of facial expressions of “emotion.” We do so by focusing on the body of evidence, as well as the methods used in emotion perception studies conducted in indigenous, small-scale societies. We also assess the criteria used to interpret the results as supporting evidence for the universality thesis. Finally, we look forward to future research in indigenous societies and outline two potential research paths to advance our understanding of human diversity.