Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases E. coli in Animal Faeces Collected in Urban Parks in Leicester, UK

Background: The presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the environment could constitute an emerging public health concern. Different studies have described these bacteria in a range of animals and their possible role in the contamination of the environment, however very little studies have determined these bacteria in urban ecosystems. Recovery and remediation of affected environments with these biological hazards, and the establishment of protection interventions, constitute a challenge that requires a collaborative international response to protect the public, especially in urban ecosystems. A preliminary study carried out by our research group have detected Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) genes for Gram-negative bacteria in animal faecal samples collected in different urban parks in the city centre of Leicester (United Kingdom). Methods: This study investigated the presence of ESBL-producing genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM and blaOXA) within Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to its implications for human health. 30 faecal samples were collected in the same parks between August and September of 2016. A veterinarian identified the animal species as follow: 22 avian (18 waterfowls, 4 pigeons), 4 dogs, 3 cats and 1 fox. After appropriate treatment of the samples, CTX-M-1-type producing E. coli was detected by molecular analysis in 5 of the analysed samples (17%); all of them from waterfowls. Results: The results described here, although preliminary, might indicate that waterfowls might be carriers of ESBL E. coli producers in Leicester. Waterfowls may have a possible role in the spread of CTX-M-1 producing E. coli in urban ecosystems although more research is required prior to implementing intervention programs in the monitored environment. Conclusions: Possible control measures may be cleaning frequently urban parks, roads and pavement from animal faeces, especially avian faeces; or banning exposure practices such as feeding these animals, activity that is very popular in the monitored city.