Maintaining diversity by clustering in dynamic environments.

Maintaining population diversity is a crucial issue for the performance of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) in dynamic environments. In the literature of EAs for dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), many studies have been done to address this issue based on change detection techniques. However, many changes are hard or impractical to be detected in real-world applications. Although, some research has been done by means of maintaining diversity without change detection. These methods are not effective because the continuous focus on diversity slows down the optimization process. This paper presents a maintaining diversity method without change detection based on a clustering technique. The method was implemented through particle swarm optimization (PSO), which was named CPSOR. The performance of the CPSOR algorithm was evaluated on the GDBG benchmark. A comparison study with another algorithm based on change detection has shown the effectiveness of the CPSOR algorithm for tracking and locating the global optimum in dynamic environments.