dc.cclicence	CC-BY-NC	en
dc.contributor.author	Owen, Lucy
dc.contributor.author	Webb, Joseph P.
dc.contributor.author	Green, Jeffrey
dc.contributor.author	Smith, Laura J.
dc.contributor.author	Laird, Katie
dc.date.acceptance	2020-01-21
dc.date.accessioned	2020-01-23T15:22:41Z
dc.date.available	2020-01-23T15:22:41Z
dc.date.issued	2020-02-11
dc.description	The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version	en
dc.description.abstract	Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) has become endemic in healthcare settings, reducing treatment options for enterococcal infections. New antimicrobials for VRE infections are a high priority, but the development of novel antibiotics is time-consuming and expensive. Essential Oils (EOs) synergistically enhance the activity of some existing antibiotics, suggesting that EO-antibiotic combinations could re-sensitise resistant bacteria and maintain the antibiotic repertoire. The mechanism of re-sensitisation of bacteria to antibiotics by EOs is relatively understudied. Here, the synergistic interactions between carvacrol (1.98 mM) and cuminaldehyde (4.20 mM) were shown to re-establish susceptibility to vancomycin (0.031 mg/L) in VRE, resulting in bactericidal activity (4.73 log10 CFU/mL reduction). Gene expression profiling, coupled with β-galactosidase leakage and salt tolerance assays suggested that cell envelope damage contributes to the synergistic bactericidal effect against VRE. The EO-vancomycin combination was also shown to kill clinical isolates of VRE (2.33-5.25 log10 CFU/mL reduction) and stable resistance did not appear to develop even after multiple passages. The in vivo efficacy of the EO-vancomycin combination was tested in a Galleria mellonella larvae assay; however no antimicrobial action was observed, indicating that further drug development is required for the EO-vancomycin combination to be clinically useful for treatment of VRE infections.	en
dc.funder	No external funder	en
dc.identifier.citation	Owen, L., Webb, J.P., Green, J., Smith, L.J. and Laird, K. (2020) From formulation to in vivo model: A comprehensive study of a synergistic relationship between vancomycin, carvacrol and cuminaldehyde against Enterococcus faecium. Phytotherapy Research, 34 (7), pp. 1638-1649	en
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6631
dc.identifier.issn	0951-418X
dc.identifier.uri	https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/19056
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.peerreviewed	Yes	en
dc.publisher	Wiley	en
dc.researchinstitute	Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation - From Molecules to Practice (LIPI)	en
dc.subject	Enterococcus faecium	en
dc.subject	essential oil	en
dc.subject	carvacrol	en
dc.subject	cuminaldehyde	en
dc.subject	synergy	en
dc.subject	vancomycin	en
dc.title	From formulation to in vivo model: A comprehensive study of a synergistic relationship between vancomycin, carvacrol and cuminaldehyde against Enterococcus faecium	en
dc.type	Article	en

From formulation to in vivo model: A comprehensive study of a synergistic relationship between vancomycin, carvacrol and cuminaldehyde against Enterococcus faecium

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