HIV and gay men in the era of antiretroviral therapy

In the UK, HIV disproportionately affects gay men. Even in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), social stigma surrounding HIV has persisted, generating adverse consequences for both prevention and care. First, the science and epidemiology of HIV among gay men are presented. Second, social representations theory and identity process theory are outlined as tools for exploring awareness, understanding and behaviour in relation to HIV. Third, some of the psychosocial challenges associated with HIV prevention and care are outlined and the potential coping strategies among gay men are discussed. Fourth, patient engagement with care and adherence to ART are considered in relation to psychosocial factors. Fifth, a model for enhancing HIV prevention and care is presented. It is argued that greater focus on psychosocial factors can enhance health outcomes among gay men living with, or at risk of, HIV.