The Digital Network of Networks: Regulatory Risk and Policy Challenges of Vaccine Passports

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dc.cclicenceCC-BY-NCen
dc.contributor.authorWilford, S.
dc.contributor.authorMcBride, Neil
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, Laurence
dc.contributor.authorEke, Damian
dc.contributor.authorAkintoye, Sinmisola
dc.contributor.authorOwoseni, Adebowale
dc.contributor.authorLeach, Tonii
dc.contributor.authorFlick, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorFisk, Malcolm
dc.contributor.authorStacey, Martin
dc.date.acceptance2021-06-10
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-20T15:10:55Z
dc.date.available2021-07-20T15:10:55Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-12
dc.descriptionThe file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.en
dc.description.abstractThe extensive disruption to and digital transformation of travel administration across borders largely due to COVID-19 mean that digital vaccine passports are being developed to resume international travel and kick-start the global economy. Currently, a wide range of actors are using a variety of different approaches and technologies to develop such a system. This paper considers the techno-ethical issues raised by the digital nature of vaccine passports and the application of leading-edge technologies such as blockchain in developing and deploying them. We briefly analyse four of the most advanced systems – IBM’s Digital Health Passport “Common Pass,” the International Air Transport Association’s Travel Pass, the Linux Foundation Public Health’s COVID-19 Credentials Initiative and the Vaccination Credential Initiative (Microsoft and Oracle) – and then consider the approach being taken for the EU Digital COVID Certificate. Each of these raises a range of issues, particularly relating to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the need for standards and due diligence in the application of innovative technologies (eg blockchain) that will directly challenge policymakers when attempting to regulate within the network of networks.en
dc.funderNo external funderen
dc.identifier.citationWilford, S., McBride, N., Brooks, L., Akintoye, S., Owoseni, A., Leach, A., Flick, C., Fisk, M., and Stacey, M. (2021). The Digital Network of Networks: Regulatory Risk and Policy Challenges of Vaccine Passports. European Journal of Risk Regulationen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1017/err.2021.35
dc.identifier.urihttps://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/21128
dc.language.isoenen
dc.peerreviewedYesen
dc.publisherCambridge University Pressen
dc.researchinstituteCentre for Computing and Social Responsibility (CCSR)en
dc.subjectVaccine passporten
dc.subjectRegulatory Risksen
dc.subjectCOVID-19en
dc.titleThe Digital Network of Networks: Regulatory Risk and Policy Challenges of Vaccine Passportsen
dc.typeArticleen

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