Predicting Inflow, or Leak, or Declining Energy in Conduits During Fluid Evacuation Processes Using Enclosed Angle Vector Relaxation Method

Most of the prospecting areas used for hydrocarbon exploitation in the Niger Delta were originally virgin lands but have suffered urban encroachment such that any loss of hydrocarbon containment may lead to pollution, loss of lives, major fires, and loss of major assets. Initially, pipeline loss of containment during petroleum evacuation was mainly due to corrosion, but around the year 2000, pipeline vandalism which started as a way of protesting lack of development projects by host communities, rapidly grew into an industry for crude theft through hot tapping. The cost of crude oil theft is estimated at £1bln per month and it is reported that some 1000 people have died due to pipeline explosion in Nigeria within the period 2011 to 2015. The desirability for the quantity of crude escaping to the environment during any loss of containment cannot be overemphasised. First, we need to know this in other to plan emergency responds on loss containment. Also, if the loss of containment is from a flowing well, we especially need this information to plan well capping or relief well planning in support of the well capping. In some jurisdictions it is also required as a mandatory regulatory reporting requirement