Duffy’s expertise on the European social agenda led to her being invited to contribute this chapter, focusing on the role of NGOs and the participatory approach she developed through Poverty 3 and the HDSE hearings. Since 2004 the participatory approach to the engagement of people in poverty has been taken up by the Department of Work and Pensions. It resulted in 146 grassroots workshops in 2005-6 and a participatory peer review process in partnership with local authorities in Swansea, Newham and Glasgow, the Scottish Executive, the Department for Work and Pensions, SPTF and the Local Authority Social Exclusion network.