School of Allied Health Sciences
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Item Open Access Academic Outreach and Widening Participation: Problems, Planning and Quick Wins(2020-05) Furmonaviciene, R.Dr Ruta Furmonaviciene reflects positively on the transition to online delivery and identifies some tools which have helped her to continue working. Ruta explains how the pandemic has increased the opportunity for innovation and creativity and she highlights the benefits this could have for WP and outreach https://youtu.be/7LxHW8AetC0Item Metadata only Accumulation of tropane alkaloids in hairy-root cultures of Datura stramonium(1991) Burbridge, A.; Gartland, K. M. A.; Jenkins, R. O.; Wolley, J. G.; Elliott, Malcolm C.Item Metadata only Adaptability to various growth conditions and Anti-Biofilm efficacy of Garlic and Manuka honey on Carbapenem resistant bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infection(2019-03-21) Al-Bayati, Majid; Samarasinghe, S.Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common form of bacterial infections and can be caused by several types of Gram-negative bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. In recent years, the emergence of carbapenem (the last-resort of antibiotic currently available) resistance among UTIs has challenged healthcare units worldwide and initiated the demand for alternative antimicrobials. It has been reported the hyper resistance activity of these pathogens are closely associated with their adaptability to different growth conditions and their efficacy of Biofilm formation. Bacteria form biofilms that allow their survival in hostile environments. The amount of formed biofilm is affected by external environmental factors. This study investigates the effect of specific parameters such as different growth media, incubation condition, and different growth stage on the amount of biofilm production in Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli IMP-type) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48, NDM-1, and KPC-3). The amount of biofilm formed was measured at different time points, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of incubations, different growth conditions, static and shaking and also, investigated the Biofilm formation efficacy of different growth media, nutrient broth, LB broth, and AB broth). Results indicated that there there was a significant difference in biofilm level (p<0.01) when grown under different types of media. Growing under different incubation conditions. Stage of growth of the same species also showed the statistical difference, 30 out of 30 tests (100%) for E. coli and 30 out of 30 tests (100%) for K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of known anti-microbials, Garlic and Manuka honey on biofilm formation of these carbapenem resistant strains on different growth media. Our preliminary results showed that both Garlic extract and Manuka honey were effective against Carbapenem sresistant E. coli and K. pneumonia and demonstrated 20-30mg/ml of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for all the test stains. Collectively these findings suggested that biofilm formation is highly affected by incubation conditions, strains’ stage of growth, and media type demonstrating that these conditions may play a role in adaptability of these UTI pathogens on different environmental conditions and their increased prevalence in biofilm associated infections. Additionaly, natural antimicrobials, Garlic and Manuka honey has anti-biofilm efficacy and pave path to identifying alternative anti-microbial therapy on these Carbapenem resistant UTI pathogens.Item Open Access Additional curriculum modifications for enhancing the teaching of parasitology and infectious diseases at an English university.(EDULEARN18 Proceedings, 2018-07-04) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Torrado, G.; Agudo, R.; Pena, M. A.Our teaching innovation group is committed to increasing and enhancing the teaching of parasitology, as recent surveys show an alarming decrease in the teaching of this subject in human health degrees despite recent outbreaks threatening public health in Europe that have involved emerging parasites. Since 2016/17, we have started to perform a series of curriculum modifications in the BSc Biomedical Science (BMS) programme at De Montfort University (DMU, UK), following the subject-specific threshold standards described by the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA, 2015) [1]. These modifications targeted specifically two modules from this Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) accredited programme: Basic Microbiology for Biomedical Science (level 4) and Medical Microbiology (level 6). We performed detailed analysis and evaluation of the impact of these preliminary changes on our students, which have been described in Peña-Fernández et al. (2017) [2]. Briefly, students highlighted high levels of engagement in both modules. The most notable improvement was detected in the Basic Microbiology module that showed an increase of 44% in the students’ satisfaction from 20% in 2015/16 to 64% in 2016/17; and a reduction in the dissatisfaction from 20% to 7.4% in Medical Microbiology. We have performed further curriculum modifications following students’ feedback and current pedagogic research undertaken by our international teaching innovation group. Thus, we have tackled and introduced new lectures in our Basic Microbiology level 4 module to describe better the differences between bacteria and the characteristics of parasites and viruses. A new lecture about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been included following the detection of a lack of knowledge of preventative measures (HIV chemoprophylaxis including pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis and HIV screening) and transmission (risk behaviours) in a novel training session offered to second year BMedSci Medical Science students in 2016/17. Finally, we have introduced a new workshop session in which students completed a virtual clinical case study from the novel teaching and learning resource DMU e-Parasitology (these resources are publicly available at: http://parasitology.dmu.ac.uk/learn/case-studies.htm). Two workshops have been created and introduced in these two BMS modules and we have followed previous successful experiences creating and introducing novel research-led workshops in human health undergraduate degrees. Finally, we are also creating an on-line resource for the teaching and learning of HIV in collaboration with the University of San Pablo CEU (Spain), which will be accessible on the DMU website by the end of 2018. A more detailed description of the curriculum modifications implemented in this academic course 2017/18 are provided in this paper in conjunction with an analysis of students’ impressions that will be collected in the final module level feedback for each module through the online resource Blackboard.Item Open Access Addressing student retention and engagement using new technology.(Advance HE STEM teaching and learning conference 2019., 2019-02-06) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Evans, M. D.; Pena-Fernandez, M. A.A range of strategies to improve retention and progression of Biomedical Science students at De Montfort University (DMU) implemented in 2016/17 included: an intensive induction week with social/networking events involving academics; an increment in the number of lectures and tutorials on STEM topics; the creation of regular drop-in sessions for each module. These strategies might have translated into a trend in the reduction of the percentage of students that failed in year 1, due to academic circumstances, from 19% in 2014/15 to 9.6% in 2016/17. More actions being developed include creation of a complete website covering fundamental biology and chemistry.Item Embargo Adherence to healthy eating amongst adolescents living in Singapore and Malaysia(Cambridge University Press, 2018-10-05) Santos-Merx, Lourdes; Gill-Dang, SK; Ong, NQRItem Metadata only Aluminium intoxication and beer consumption: effects in the levels of trace metals in mouse brain.(Toxicology Letters, 2014-09-10) Gonzalez-Munoz, M. J.; Meseguer, Isabel; Mateos-Vega, C. J.; Benedí, J.; Sanchez-Muniz, Francisco J.; Lobo-Bedmar, M. C.; Pena-Fernandez, A.Item Metadata only Aluminum neurotoxicity and beer consumption: effect on the levels of trace metals in mouse brain.(Revista de Toxicologia, 2015-06-19) Gonzalez-Munoz, M. J.; Meseguer, Isabel; Mateos-Vega, C. J.; Benedí, J.; Sanchez-Muniz, Francisco J.; Pena-Fernandez, A.Aunque el mecanismo por el que el aluminio (Al) puede influir en etiología de la enfermedad de Alzheimer es muy mal conocido, existe evidencia de que la exposición a Al incrementa el estrés oxidativo y los procesos inflamatorios a nivel cerebral. Nuestro grupo encontró que el aporte de silicio (Si) en forma de ácido silícico o cerveza bloqueó la acción pro-oxidante del Al dietético. En el presente trabajo se evaluó cómo la exposición a Al puede modificar los niveles de Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si y Zn, minerales implicados en el estatus antioxidante, en cerebro de ratón. Asimismo, se investigó el efecto protector del consumo moderado de cerveza, como una fuente de Si dietético, en ratones intoxicados con Al (NO3)3. Excepto Al y Si, la concentración cerebral del resto de los metales analizados disminuyó de los animales expuestos al Al. El descenso de Cu, Mn y Zn fue paralelo al de la expresión génica de las enzimas antioxidantes Cu, Zn-SOD y Mn-SOD. Sin embargo, en aquellos animales que recibieron Si o cerveza se observaron menores disminuciones de los niveles de estos minerales y/o de la expresión de los enzimas antioxidantes. Se concluye que el consumo de Si en forma de ácido silícico o cerveza bloquea los efectos de la toxicidad por aluminio a través de regular la biodisponiblidad de otros minerales implicados en el normal funcionamiento del cerebro.Item Metadata only The analysis of inorganic and methyl mercury by the derivatisation method: opportunities and difficulties(1999-05) Craig, P. J.; Jenkins, R. O.; Stojack, G. H.Item Metadata only Analysis of teaching workshop in environmental toxicology in the Pharmacy specialty Industrial Pharmacy and Galenicals(2016) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Escalera Izquierdo, B.; Pena, M. A.El título de Farmacéutico Especialista en Farmacia Industrial y Galénica se imparte en la Unidad Docente de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Alcalá (UAH) desde el curso académico 2005-2006. Esta especialidad, es una Especialidad en Ciencias de la Salud, solo accesible vía Farmacéutico Interno Residente (FIR). Los objetivos de la formación de esta especialidad van encaminados a la capacitación de los alumnos para investigar, desarrollar, producir y garantizar la seguridad, eficacia y calidad de los medicamentos que fabrica. En el curso académico 2013-2014 se puso en marcha una novedosa iniciativa docente con el fin de capacitar al alumnado con herramientas básicas para la realización de una evaluación de riesgos a compuestos farmacéuticos presentes en nuestro medio ambiente para la prevención de la salud humana. Esta novedosa iniciativa surge por la actual demanda de trabajadores de la salud tanto en el sector público como en el privado, con conocimientos de toxicología ambiental y protección de la salud pública debido a los grandes índices de morbilidad y mortalidad causados por contaminantes ambientales. Para impartir estos conocimientos se creó un taller altamente especializado. Este trabajo describe los diferentes elementos del taller y recoge las impresiones del alumnadoItem Metadata only Analysis of teaching workshop in environmental toxicology.(XIV Jornadas de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria. Investigación, innovación y enseñanza universitaria: enfoques pluridisciplinares, 2016-07-01) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Escalera Izquierdo, B.; Pena, M. A.El título de Farmacéutico Especialista en Farmacia Industrial y Galénica se imparte en la Unidad Docente de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Alcalá (UAH) desde el curso académico 2005-2006. Esta especialidad, es una Especialidad en Ciencias de la Salud, solo accesible vía Farmacéutico Interno Residente (FIR). Los objetivos de la formación de esta especialidad van encaminados a la capacitación de los alumnos para investigar, desarrollar, producir y garantizar la seguridad, eficacia y calidad de los medicamentos que fabrica. En el curso académico 2013-2014 se puso en marcha una novedosa iniciativa docente con el fin de capacitar al alumnado con herramientas básicas para la realización de una evaluación de riesgos a compuestos farmacéuticos presentes en nuestro medio ambiente para la prevención de la salud humana. Esta novedosa iniciativa surge por la actual demanda de trabajadores de la salud tanto en el sector público como en el privado, con conocimientos de toxicología ambiental y protección de la salud pública debido a los grandes índices de morbilidad y mortalidad causados por contaminantes ambientales. Para impartir estos conocimientos se creó un taller altamente especializado. Este trabajo describe los diferentes elementos del taller y recoge las impresiones del alumnado.Item Open Access Analysis of the final workshop for the Priority Setting Partnership for hyperhidrosis(2019-06-25) Miller, Janice; Hussain, Hana Amber; McDonald, Louise; Dunford, L. J.Introduction Hyperhidrosis is characterised by excessive sweating, and affects ~3% of the population. It can significantly affect quality of life. However, many people with hyperhidrosis don’t seek medical help due to the stigma associated with it, and those that do often struggle to find treatments that work for them. The Hyperhidrosis Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) aimed to bring together people with the condition, their friends and family, and healthcare professionals who treat them on an equal footing to have their say about the questions they want research to answer. A workshop event was the final stage of the process to identify the top ten research priorities Methods A steering group was formed including people with hyperhidrosis, patient support group representation, healthcare professionals and academics. A James Lind Alliance adviser was appointed to chair meetings and oversee the process. An initial survey asked people with hyperhidrosis, their family and friends, and healthcare professionals for the questions they would like research to answer about management and treatment of hyperhidrosis. From the initial 592 questions submitted, this was reduced to 45 by combining duplicate/similar questions, and removing those already answered by research. Survey respondents were then asked to choose their top ten from this list. The top 23 choices went through to a final workshop event, where the top ten were selected via a facilitated process. A questionnaire was carried out to analyse the success of the event itself. Results Seventy-two percent (13/18) of the final workshop participants completed the workshop questionnaire. 100% of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied that they were able to communicate their views and that they helped shape the final top ten list. 92% of respondents were very satisfied with the way the James Lind Alliance team facilitated the workshop. Conclusion PSPs are a very successful way of getting patients and healthcare professionals to have their say about research priorities. Those that took part in this PSP were very satisfied that they were helping to shape the research agenda for the treatment and management of hyperhidrosis.Item Embargo Analysis of the introductionof a reflective pedagogic approach to teach large groups of students enrolled in human health degrees(2018) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Pena, M. A.; Young, Christopher N. J.; Evans, M. D.; Randles, M.Item Open Access Analysis of the teaching status of Toxicology at a UK University.(Revista de Toxicologia, 2017-06-30) Pena-Fernandez, A.; Lobo-Bedmar, M. C.; Haris, P. I. (Parvez I.); Evans, M. D.The European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX) has recently published a statement paper to highlight that toxicology training and expertise is being eroded in the European Union. Toxicology as a subject appears to have been integrated into other bioscience disciplines and is mainly offered as part of a taught postgraduate degree in toxicology which dominates the course provision in Europe. Our analysis of the undergraduate courses offered in UK Universities did not reveal a single course that contained the word “toxicology” in the title of the course. Thereafter, we reviewed the teaching of toxicology in bioscience undergraduate courses offered at De Montfort University (DMU). The courses reviewed were: Biomedical Science, Health and Wellbeing in Society, Speech and Language Therapy, Medical Science, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Science, Forensic Science and the MPharm degree in Pharmacy. None of these courses dedicate a complete module to the study of toxicology although they teach some aspects of toxicology following the subject-specific threshold standards described by the UK Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. With the aim of introducing some specialised teaching in toxicology at DMU, a pilot teaching experience was implemented in the Medical Science degree in 2016/17. This involved teaching second year students basic concepts of the toxicology focusing on human health risks associated with exposure to metals such as lead. The students (n=41) completed a research-led workshop (3 hours) to identify the risks and also developed appropriate responses to protect the public. A questionnaire-based survey revealed that the vast majority (85%) of the students would like to receive more toxicology training in their course. Although our results are preliminary, the findings are promising and the approach developed could be adopted in other courses to increase the teaching of toxicology for future health care workers.Item Open Access Angiopoietin 1 signalling, a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease(2012-04-23) Singh, Harprit; Brindle, N. P. J.Item Metadata only Antibiotic susceptibility including tigecycline and MALDI-TOF MS of E. coli and S. aureus isolates(2010-06) Chiriseri, E.; Jenkins, R. O.; Minassian, M. A.Item Open Access Anticancer drug cytotoxicity assessed using controllable HELA TET-ON/HCYP1 cell lines(2016-04) Jenkins, R. O.; Li, N-G; Goncharov, Nikolay V.Objective: P450 enzymes have a key role in the metabolism of a many anticancer drugs. Metabolism via CYP1s in a variety of solid tumours is thought to aid tumour avoidance of chemotherapeutic induced cytotoxicity. The objective of the present research was to establish the influence of CYP1 mediated metabolism of three anticancer drugs (baicalein, resveratrol, doxorubicin) on their cytotoxicity, using a series of HeLa Tet-ON/hCYP1 cell lines controllably expressing CYP1 enzymes. Methods: The full length genes coding human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 were cloned from human liver cDNA library by PCR into the cloning plasmid pBluescriptKS(+) and expressed in different mammalian vectors, with subsequent DNA sequencing of the cloned CYP1 genes. The cytotoxicity of the anticancer drugs (baicalein, resveratrol, doxorubicin) by CYP1 cells was investigated in the presence and absence of α-naphthoflavone (ANF; potent inhibitor of CYP1 family). Cell survival was assessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: CYP1A1 was found to be the most potent enzyme for conversion of the anticancer drugs to more cytotoxic metabolites. CYP1A1, but not CYP1B1 or CYP1A2, enhanced cytotoxicity of resveratrol. Doxorubicin was found to have highest increase (53-fold) in cytotoxicity mediated by CYP1A1 (Table 1 and Fig. 1). Conclusion: Tumours expressing CYP1A1 would respond more favourably to doxorubicin and could be treated effectively with lower doses of the anticancer agent, thus reducing harm to normal tissue. The double stable cell lines expressing CYP1 enzymes were effective cellular systems for assessing cytotoxicity profiles of candidate anticancer agents.Item Metadata only Antimonate-respiration by anaerobic bacteria of environmental origin(2003-12) Hartmann, L. M.; Craig, P. J.; Jenkins, R. O.Item Metadata only Antimony and SIDS: Is there a role for Scopulariopsis brevicaulis?(1997-12) Jenkins, R. O.Item Metadata only Antimony in the cot environment and its relevant to sudden infant death syndrome(2001-06) Jenkins, R. O.