Stephen Lawrence Research Centre
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The Stephen Lawrence Research Centre aims to drive forward conversations that will shape and influence how we think about race and social justice. It intends to honour the enduring legacy of Stephen Lawrence’s life and his family’s ongoing pursuit of justice by asking new questions, debating critical issues, raising awareness, and advocating to bring about positive change.
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Item Open Access Black Britain and the Politics of Race in the Twentieth Century(Wiley, 2014-08-24) Perry, Kennetta HammondThis essay examines a growing literature on postcolonial Black Britain that seeks to suture the ties between prewar and postwar histories of Black political activity in Britain. By examining how people of African descent articulated the political conditions of being Black in metropolitan Britain during the 20th century, recent studies have shown how non-state actors shaped ideas about the relationship between race and citizenship. In unearthing the myriad of ways that people of African descent navigated the politics of being both Black and British, this body of work has begun to offer critical perspectives on postcolonial Black Britain’s place within the political history of the African Diaspora. Moreover, this essay argues that new work on Black Britain and the politics of race yields fruitful ground for dismantling some of the artificial historiographical partitions that have oftentimes separated metropolitan race politics in the postwar era from the broader history of empire, decolonization, and transnational anti-racist movements organized around the pursuit of Black freedom.Item Open Access Men Cry too - Masculinity and the feminization of lovers’ rock(Ashgate, 2014-12-05) Palmer, Lisa AmandaThis chapter explores lovers’ rock and the ambiguities that exist around the gendered and sexual politics of the genre. It considers how lovers’ rock has become 'feminized' as ‘female’ reggae music. While black female artists and audiences cannot simply be categorised as passive participants and recipients of lovers rock, their access, participation and autonomy is negotiated upon a masculinized and patriarchal terrain. The chapter considers the ways in which this process of feminization works to conceal masculine power and masculine vulnerabilities within lovers’ rock in spite of the fact that the genre is often praised for providing a platform for black female performers to take centre stage in reggae music. I argue that the centrality of masculinity actually structures lovers’ rock’s historical development, its musical production and circulation as well as the thematic concerns of the genre.Item Metadata only U.S. Negroes, Your Fight is Our Fight: Black Britons and the 1963 March on Washington(Palgrave, 2015-05) Perry, Kennetta HammondThis essay examines the diasporic character the 1963 March on Washington movement for Jobs and Freedom in Britain. In the months leading up to the march Black British activists and intellectuals closely followed events in Alabama, Mississippi and in towns and cities throughout the South as Black Americans organized sit-ins, boycotts, marches and other forms of mass protest demanding the rights of full citizenship guaranteed to them by the U.S. constitution. In addition to bearing witness to the struggles of Black Americans, Black Britons collectively organized in solidarity with the Black freedom movement in America and invoked the iconography and rhetoric of American racial (in)justice to articulate the dynamics shaping the local politics of race Britain. In doing so, I argue that by organizing events like the London solidarity march, Black Britons transformed the 1963 March on Washington into a type of discursive capital that wielded a powerful story about race, citizenship and the dilemmas of blackness that transcended the boundaries of the American nation and engendered the relations which constitute the (re)making of diaspora.Item Metadata only London Is The Place For Me: Black Britons, Citizenship and the Politics of Race(Oxford University Press, 2016-01-04) Perry, Kennetta HammondLondon Is The Place for Me explores how Afro-Caribbean migrants navigated the politics of race and citizenship in Britain and reconfigured the boundaries of what it meant to be both Black and British at a critical juncture in the history of Empire and twentieth century transnational race politics. The book situates their experience within a broader context of Black imperial and diasporic political participation, and examines the pushback-both legal and physical-that the migrants' presence provoked.Item Metadata only Blackness in Britain(Routledge, 2016-05-06) Palmer, Lisa Amanda; Andrews, KehindeBlack Studies is a hugely important, and yet undervalued, academic field of enquiry that is marked by its disciplinary absence and omission from academic curricula in Britain. There is a long and rich history of research on Blackness and Black populations in Britain. However Blackness in Britain has too often been framed through the lens of racialised deficits, constructed as both marginal and pathological. Blackness in Britain attends to and grapples with the absence of Black Studies in Britain and the parallel crisis of Black marginality in British society. It begins to map the field of Black Studies scholarship from a British context, by collating new and established voices from scholars writing about Blackness in Britain. Split into five parts, it examines: Black studies and the challenge of the Black British intellectual; Revolution, resistance and state violence; Blackness and belonging; exclusion and inequality in education; experiences of Black women and the gendering of Blackness in Britain. This interdisciplinary collection represents a landmark in building Black Studies in British academia, presenting key debates about Black experiences in relation to Britain, Black Europe and the wider Black diaspora. With contributions from across various disciplines including sociology, human geography, medical sociology, cultural studies, education studies, post-colonial English literature, history, and criminology, the book will be essential reading for scholars and students of the multi- and inter-disciplinary area of Black Studies.Item Embargo Islam in Argentina: Deconstructing the Biases(Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2016-08-03) Rajina, FatimaIslam in Argentina: a title that may startle or evoke wonder, as it is a subject we know very little about. This paper attempts to undertake a critical analysis of the concept and the process of identity construction within the Muslim community in Argentina. It will take into account factors, such as migration and politics, in order to help identify the possible boundaries created by the community in terms of sameness and otherness within the Argentine society. Argentina has been chosen for this study because, when it comes to the exploration of image, discrimination, stereotyping, and ethno-religious identity of a minority group in a Western migratory setting, Argentina—and Latin America as a continent—has been forgotten in the post-9/11 hysteria surrounding Muslims and Islam. The Muslim community in Argentina, along with the Diaspora across Latin America and worldwide, has been subject to the Western media’s biased and faulty inferences about Muslims. This article will help to deconstruct such biases by taking us on a journey through the history of Muslims’ arrival in Argentina.Item Embargo Rethinking Muslim migration: frameworks, flux and fragmentation(Taylor and Francis, 2017-01-04) Rajina, Fatima; Redclift, V.In the wake of the San Bernardino and Orlando shootings, as well as the Paris and Brussels attacks, and in the midst of the right wing populism of US presidential campaigns and UK referendum debates, the political rhetoric around Muslim migration has sunk to an all-time low. The Bengal Diaspora provides a much needed antidote. By studying Muslim migration across continents the book provides insights into a global climate of Islamophobia, and it challenges us to think critically about migration theory’s universalizing logic. In this review essay, we will focus on the three areas of study in which the book makes the most striking intervention, as well as three questions left unanswered or posed for future work.Item Embargo History Beyond Borders: Teaching Black Britain and Reimagining Black Liberation(Zed Books, 2019-02-01) Perry, Kennetta HammondItem Open Access ‘Each one teach one’ Visualising Black intellectual life in Handsworth beyond the epistemology of ‘white sociology’(Taylor and Francis, 2019-08-01) Palmer, Lisa AmandaHandsworth, a suburb in north-west Birmingham, became an important generative epistemic location that produced a number of contested discourses on race and racism in Britain during the 1970s and early 1980s. Using archival sources, this article will focus on Handsworth as an important epistemic space where white sociological studies on ‘race relations’ converged and diverged with the counter-hegemonic political activism of the African Caribbean Self-Help Organisation (ACSHO). This group of young Black working class Pan-Africanists in Handsworth were the coordinating committee for a national delegation of activists who attended the Sixth Pan African Congress in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in 1974. Their activism in Handsworth was further captured by the photographer, Vanley Burke. Burke’s photography and archive not only engages with the politics of creating alternative cites of knowledge production, they also enable us to map, trace and reconstruct some of these important sites of Black intellectual life in Britain.Item Open Access The Temporal Dimensions of Thinking Black(Wiley, 2019-10-09) Perry, Kennetta HammondThis commentary was delivered at the 2019 Historical Research/Wiley Lecture at Queen Mary University of London on 6 June 2019. It was followed by a conversation with Rob Waters.Item Open Access Diane Abbott, misogynoir and the politics of Black British feminism’s anticolonial imperatives: ‘In Britain too, it’s as if we don’t exist’(Sage, 2019-12-06) Palmer, Lisa AmandaThis article argues that it is remiss to understand the acute intensification of White supremacist politics in contemporary Britain without paying close attention to how this racism is inherently gendered and sexualised. This will be discussed in relation to the gendered racism of ‘misogynoir’ as experienced by the British Member of Parliament Diane Abbott. The article uses Shirley Anne Tate’s powerful analysis of the Sable-Saffron Venus in the English imaginary to argue that forms of British, and more explicitly English, national identity have been worked out on the back of systemic efforts to erase the material and epistemic presence of Black women in Britain from the British body politic. It further argues that the politics of erasure extends to the epistemic elision of Black British feminist theorising within the field of social theory. What then are the consequences and interplay of both the lived and epistemic acts of violence? I explore these issues by mapping Black British feminism’s anticolonial politics to argue that we should bring this tradition to bear in our analysis of this most recent iteration of racism in our contemporary times.Item Embargo The hostile environment, Brexit, and 'reactive-' or 'protective transnationalism'(Wiley, 2019-12-08) Rajina, Fatima; Redclift, V.The ‘reactive transnationalism hypothesis’ posits a relationship between discrimination and transnational practice. The concept has generally been studied using quantitative methods, but a qualitative approach augments our understanding of two context‐specific dimensions: the nature of the discrimination involved, and the types of transnational behaviour that might be affected. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with Bangladesh‐origin Muslims in London, Luton and Birmingham, in the UK, we demonstrate how anti‐Asian and anti‐Muslim racism have been conflated with intensified anti‐migrant racism in the context of ‘hostile environment’ immigration policies and the EU referendum (Brexit), producing an amplification of racist discourses associated with purging the body politic of its non‐white bodies. The insecurity generated is altering some people's relationships to Bangladesh, incentivizing investment in land and property ‘back home'. While this represents an example of ‘reactive transnationalism', we argue that ‘protective transnationalism’ might be a more appropriate way of describing the processes at work.Item Metadata only Writing History: Thinking Beyond the Past in the Present(Duke University Press, 2020-04) Perry, Kennetta HammondAs a collaborative work that reflects on Stuart Hall’s early life in colonial Jamaica and his experience of the transitions that shaped the making of postcolonial Britain, Familiar Stranger offers a number of provocations about the meaning and methods of history and their relationship to present. This essay explores how both the form and key themes of the text provide a generative space to think critically about approaches to historical writing. Likewise, it examines how Familiar Stranger offers a means of conceptualizing the relationship between histories of Britain’s racialized colonial past and its afterlives in the present. Keywords: Race; (Post)Coloniality; Archive; Black BritainItem Metadata only I Refuse to Condemn: Resisting racism in times of national security(Manchester University Press, 2020-11) Rajina, FatimaItem Embargo Black Pasts, White Nationalist Racecraft and the Political Work of History(University of Manchester Press, 2020-11-01) Perry, Kennetta HammondItem Open Access Mapping Black mixed-race Birmingham: Place, locality and identity(Sage, 2021-03-30) Campion, KarisUtilizing narrations of urban space derived from interviews with 37 Mixed White and Black Caribbean people in the UK’s second-largest city, Birmingham, this article argues that place should be central to the theorization of mixed-race. Whilst Critical Mixed-Race Studies tends to privilege racial identity as the defining feature of the mixed-race experience, this article argues that mixed-race subjects identify with and through their respective localities to cultivate and perform their racialized identities. Drawing on personalized mental maps and routes through the city, the discussion sheds light on how conceptualizations of neighbourhood and territory are entangled with expressions of racial identity and belonging. By showing how the local histories, identities and characters of places come to be written on the bodies of mixed-race subjects, I demonstrate the power that place has in organizing social life and shaping identities. In doing so the article warns against the critical absence of place, and particularly the local, in empirical analyses of mixed-race identity. It suggests that for the development of de-essentialist understandings of mixedness which exist outside the realm of personal identifications, it is necessary to engage critically with place as an analytical framework.Item Open Access Revitalising race equality policy? Assessing the impact of the Race Equality Charter Mark for British universities(Race, Ethnicity and Education, 2021-05-10) Campion, Karis; Clark, KenThe Race Equality Charter (REC) was introduced in 2014 as a national policy initiative that aims to support UK universities in developing cultural and systemic changes to promote race equality for Black and minority ethnic (BME) staff and students. Drawing on quantitative data, we locate the REC within a complex picture of undergraduate student diversity and significant attainment gaps between white students and Black and ethnic minority groups. Using qualitative interviews and observations to further explore the questions our quantitative analysis raises, we show that the REC is not perceived as a significant vehicle for progressing race equality work in award-holding institutions. Rather, it is mostly applied as an enhancement tool to help shape and sustain existing race equality initiatives that produce incremental change. This, we argue, suggests the REC’s intention to inspire race equality approaches that favour institutional strategic planning at the highest level, is yet to be realised.Item Embargo Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 13(Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Brill, 2021-11-18) Rajina, Fatima; El Shayyal, K.The Yearbook of Muslims in Europe is an essential resource for analysis of Europe's dynamic Muslim populations. Featuring up-to-date research from forty-five European countries, this comprehensive reference work summarizes significant activities, trends, and developments. Each new volume reports on the most current information available from surveyed countries, offering an annual overview of statistical and demographic data, topical issues of public debate, shifting transnational networks, change to domestic and legal policies, and major activities in Muslim organisations and institutions. Supplementary data is gathered from a variety of sources and evaluated according to its reliability. In addition to offering a relevant framework for original research, the Yearbook of Muslims in Europe provides an invaluable source of reference for government and NGO officials, journalists, policy-makers, and related research institutions.Item Open Access The Burden of Conviviality: British Bangladeshi Muslims Navigating Diversity in London, Luton and Birmingham(Sociology, 2022-05-14) Rajina, Fatima; Redclift, V.; Rashid, N.This article considers the convivial turn in migration and diversity studies, and some of its silences. Conviviality has been conceptualised by some as the ability to be at ease in the presence of diversity. However, insufficient attention has been paid to considering who is affectively at ease with whose differences or, more particularly, what the work of conviviality requires of those marked as other vis-a-vis European white normativity. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with British Bangladeshi Muslims in London, Luton and Birmingham, we argue that a focus on ‘ease in the presence of diversity’ obscures the ‘burden of conviviality’ carried by some, but not others. We discuss three key types of burden that emerged from our data: the work of education and explanation, the work of understanding racism, and quite simply the work of ‘appearing unremarkable’.Item Open Access Racial Illiteracies and Whiteness: Exploring Black Mixed-Race Narrations of Race in the Family(Genealogy, 2022-06-22) Campion, Karis; Lewis, Chantelle JessicaDrawing upon fifty-five interviews with Black mixed-race people located in Britain’s second-largest city, Birmingham, and a nearby satellite town, Bromsgrove, this article critically explores how race, identity, and whiteness, are negotiated in mixed-race families. Whilst existing studies tend to centre upon the experiences of white parents raising their children, in this article, we foreground Black mixed-race perspectives of familial practices. Whiteness can often function as an ever-present non-presence in explorations of mixed identities. We utilise concepts such as white fragility, white complicity and the white gaze to make whiteness visible and to address how racial illiteracies can manifest within everyday family settings. In doing so, we suggest that white family members can, on occasion, participate in processes of white domination even in the smallest everyday acts and conversations that deny, avoid, dismiss and, in some cases, even perpetuate racism. By identifying these moments in Black mixed-race lives, we complicate some of the studies that document the racial literacies of white parents and explore how mistakes are made. We suggest that these encounters can create moments of disjuncture in familial settings that are characterised by a complex layer of love, intimacy and racial difference. By bringing these issues to the fore, we centre the emotional labour it can take on the part of Black mixed-race people to make sense of and resist these experiences whilst simultaneously maintaining closeness within familial relationships.