Browsing by Author "Raghavan, Raghu"

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    Anxiety and Depression in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Advances in Interventions
    (Pavilion, 2012) Raghavan, Raghu
    This book will focus on intervention strategies for treating anxiety and depression in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The rationale for this theme is the lack of an adequate evidence base for assessment and intervention approaches for this population. For example, although anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population, very little is known about their incidence and manifestation in people with ID. Furthermore, research evidence indicates a high prevalence of depression and related illnesses in this population, and the nature and manifestation of depressive illnesses in people with ID warrant an in-depth examination to highlight the knowledge base of appropriate assessments and intervention strategies. This book explores the full range of anxiety and depressive illnesses in relation to people with ID, captures their nature and manifestation, and describes assessment and intervention approaches
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    Calm Child Programme: Parental programme for anxiety in children and young people with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities
    (Sage, 2017-04-20) Gobrial, E.; Raghavan, Raghu
    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (IDs) are more vulnerable to experiencing anxiety disorders. Parental involvement in intervention is crucial for successful management of the interventions in the population of people with ASDs. This article describes the design and evaluation of parenting programme for anxiety disorders in children and young people with ASD and ID. In phase 1 semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore management strategies for anxiety at home and in school settings. A total of 34 participants (14 parents, 20 teachers) participated in the interviews. A Delphi process was conducted with health professionals to develop consensus on appropriate anxiety interventions. In phase 2 the intervention programme was implemented by seven parents who also participated in focus group to evaluate the developed programme. A parental programme, calm child programme (CCP), was developed, implemented and evaluated. The evaluations show significant decrease in children’s anxiety as a result of implementing the programme. This study contributes further evidence to parental involvement in interventions for children and young people with ASD and IDs. The CCP is a useful and cost-effective approach in enabling parents to provide anxiety interventions in a home setting
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    ‘Choice Biography’ and the importance of the social
    (2003) Small, N.; Pawson, N.; Raghavan, Raghu
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    Commentary on A qualitative exploration of the life experiences of adults diagnosed with mild learning disabilities from minority ethnic communities
    (Emerald, 2011) Raghavan, Raghu
    This paper seeks to provide a commentary on the previous paper in this issue ‘‘A qualitative exploration of the life experiences of adults diagnosed with mild learning disabilities from minority ethnic communities’’. The commentary outlines the Valuing People White Paper and The Health Care Commission report Tackling the Challenge: Promoting Race Equality in the NHS in England, among others, as they relate to the author’s research. Developing cultural knowledge is of fundamental importance in working towards race equality in mental health services for children and young people with learning disabilities
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    Cultural diversity
    (Pavilion, 2011) Raghavan, Raghu
    The population of United Kingdom is diverse and complex in terms of ethnicity, culture, language and religion. The increase in ethnic diversity is also apparent in the population of children and young people with learning disabilities. The focus of this chapter is children and young people with learning disabilities (LD) from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities as they face inequalities, discrimination and marginalisation. This chapter will highlight the key policy initiatives in addressing the need of people from BME communities in the UK and will explore the barriers in accessing mental health services. This chapter will conclude with the findings from a research study to explore self-defied service models for children and young people with learning disabilities from South Asian communities.
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    Cultural Diversity and Intellectual Disability
    (2004) Raghavan, Raghu; Small, N.
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    Ethical issues on psychotropic medication for people with learning disabilities,
    (Emerald, 2010) Raghavan, Raghu; Patel, Pradip
    There is an over use of psyhotropic medication with people with learning disabilities. Many of these individuals do not have the capacity to understand and retain the relevant information about the use and effectiveness of medication. Professionals and health care practitioners need to be fully aware of the ethical and legal issues in the use and administration of psychotropic medication
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    Ethnicity and intellectual disability
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2009) Raghavan, Raghu
    Ethnicity is a key theme in our world today. All human beings have an ethnic identity and it does not relate to just people from different nationalities, cultures or religions. The focus of this chapter is on people with learning disabilities (LD) from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities as they face inequalities, discrimination and marginalisation. This chapter will highlight some of the key issues and themes in health and social care of people with learning disabilities from minority ethnic communities. These include:  Definitions of ethnicity, culture and race  Prevalence of learning disability in minority ethnic communities  Religion and belief systems and the perception of learning disability  Children and Young people perspectives  Family carer perspectives  Cultural sensitivity, cultural reciprocity and cultural competence
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    Evaluation of CYGNET parent training programme
    (2008) Raghavan, Raghu; Raghavan, S.
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    Exploring Barriers to South Asian Help-Seeking for Eating Disorders
    (Mental Health Review Journal, 2017-03-13) Wales, Jackie; Brewin, Nicola; Raghavan, Raghu; Arcelus, Jon
    Purpose Referrals to specialist eating disorder services from the South Asian (SA) community are under-represented, despite research suggesting that disordered eating attitudes and behaviours of SA people are similar to the population in general. The study aimed to identify the reasons for this and sought to inform ways to encourage help-seeking. Design/Methodology/Approach A qualitative methodology was used to investigate barriers to help-seeking for eating disorders among the SA community. A key informant focus group was conducted with clinicians working within the local specialist eating disorder service (participants n=16, 12 female, 4 male). Six focus groups were conducted with members of the SA community in Leicester, UK, (participants n=28, 23 female, 5 male) recruited from a local university, two charities and Children, Young People & Family Centres. Findings A number of themes emerged as possible factors for delaying early access to help: lack of knowledge about eating disorders and their potential seriousness; ideals regarding body shape; family living circumstances, and the role of food in the community. Participants acknowledged stigma among their community associated with mental health issues, including eating disorders, and concerns about confidentiality when approaching services, particularly primary care. Originality/value General practitioners and specialist services need to be aware of the potential barriers to help-seeking for eating disorders as early specialist help is recommended for effective treatment. An educational campaign around eating disorders specifically designed with the SA community in mind may improve awareness, reduce stigma and promote early help-seeking.
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    Family Carers’ perspectives on post-school transition of young people with intellectual disabilities with special reference to ethnicity
    (Wiley Blackwell, 2012) Raghavan, Raghu; Pawson, N.; Small, N.
    School leavers with intellectual disabilities (ID) often face difficulties in making a smooth transition from school to college, employment or more broadly to adult life. The transition phase is traumatic for the young person with ID and their families as it often results in the loss of friendships, relationships and social networks. The aim of this study was to explore the family carer views and experiences on transition from school to college or to adult life with specialreference to ethnicity. Forty-three families (consisting of 16 White British, 24 Pakistani, 2 Bangladeshi and one Black African) were interviewed twice using a semi-structured interview schedule. The carers were interviewed twice, Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2),T2 being a year later to observe any changes during transition.
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    Healthcare for Older People Research in Leicestershire
    (University of Nottingham, 2019-04) Conroy, Simon; Brown, Jayne; Bell, Katie; Haunton, Victoria; Robinson, T. G.; Bannerjee, J.; Martin, G.; Regen, E.; Phelps, K; O'Kelly, K.; Kondova, D.; Williamson, I. R.; Wildbur, D.; Fallmann, Sarah; Chen, L.; Oldridge, Louise; Larkin, M.; Wilson, A.; Agarwal, S.; Bankart, J.; Subramaniam, H.; Raghavan, Raghu; Panerai, R.; Clague-Baker, Nicola; Chung, E.; Stahl, Bernd Carsten, 1968-; Chen, F.; Triboan, Darpan; Psychoula, I.; Northcott, Andy
    Academic geriatric medicine in Leicester . There has never been a better time to consider joining us. We have recently appointed a Professor in Geriatric Medicine, alongside Tom Robinson in stroke and Victoria Haunton, who has just joined as a Senior Lecturer in Geriatric Medicine. We have fantastic opportunities to support students in their academic pursuits through a well-established intercalated BSc programme, and routes on through such as ACF posts, and a successful track-record in delivering higher degrees leading to ACL post. We collaborate strongly with Health Sciences, including academic primary care. See below for more detail on our existing academic set-up. Leicester Academy for the Study of Ageing We are also collaborating on a grander scale, through a joint academic venture focusing on ageing, the ‘Leicester Academy for the Study of Ageing’ (LASA), which involves the local health service providers (acute and community), De Montfort University; University of Leicester; Leicester City Council; Leicestershire County Council and Leicester Age UK. Professors Jayne Brown and Simon Conroy jointly Chair LASA and have recently been joined by two further Chairs, Professors Kay de Vries and Bertha Ochieng. Karen Harrison Dening has also recently been appointed an Honorary Chair. LASA aims to improve outcomes for older people and those that care for them that takes a person-centred, whole system perspective. Our research will take a global perspective, but will seek to maximise benefits for the people of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, including building capacity. We are undertaking applied, translational, interdisciplinary research, focused on older people, which will deliver research outcomes that address domains from: physical/medical; functional ability, cognitive/psychological; social or environmental factors. LASA also seeks to support commissioners and providers alike for advice on how to improve care for older people, whether by research, education or service delivery. Examples of recent research projects include: ‘Local History Café’ project specifically undertaking an evaluation on loneliness and social isolation; ‘Better Visits’ project focused on improving visiting for family members of people with dementia resident in care homes; and a study on health issues for older LGBT people in Leicester. Clinical Geriatric Medicine in Leicester We have developed a service which recognises the complexity of managing frail older people at the interface (acute care, emergency care and links with community services). There are presently 17 consultant geriatricians supported by existing multidisciplinary teams, including the largest complement of Advance Nurse Practitioners in the country. Together we deliver Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to frail older people with urgent care needs in acute and community settings. The acute and emergency frailty units – Leicester Royal Infirmary This development aims at delivering Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to frail older people in the acute setting. Patients are screened for frailty in the Emergency Department and then undergo a multidisciplinary assessment including a consultant geriatrician, before being triaged to the most appropriate setting. This might include admission to in-patient care in the acute or community setting, intermediate care (residential or home based), or occasionally other specialist care (e.g. cardiorespiratory). Our new emergency department is the county’s first frail friendly build and includes fantastic facilities aimed at promoting early recovering and reducing the risk of hospital associated harms. There is also a daily liaison service jointly run with the psychogeriatricians (FOPAL); we have been examining geriatric outreach to oncology and surgery as part of an NIHR funded study. We are home to the Acute Frailty Network, and those interested in service developments at the national scale would be welcome to get involved. Orthogeriatrics There are now dedicated hip fracture wards and joint care with anaesthetists, orthopaedic surgeons and geriatricians. There are also consultants in metabolic bone disease that run clinics. Community work Community work will consist of reviewing patients in clinic who have been triaged to return to the community setting following an acute assessment described above. Additionally, primary care colleagues refer to outpatients for sub-acute reviews. You will work closely with local GPs with support from consultants to deliver post-acute, subacute, intermediate and rehabilitation care services. Stroke Medicine 24/7 thrombolysis and TIA services. The latter is considered one of the best in the UK and along with the high standard of vascular surgery locally means one of the best performances regarding carotid intervention.
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    How do Muslim service users, caregivers, and community members in Malappuram, Kerala, use their faith to address the challenges associated with mental ill health?
    (Taylor and Francis, 2023-05-23) Raghavan, Raghu; Brown, Brian J.; Hussain, Saliah; Kumar, Sanjana; Wilson, Amanda; Svirydzenka, N.; Kumar, Manoj; Ali, Ameer; Chandrasekharan, Anagha; Soletti, Asha Banu; Lakhanpaul, Monica; Iyer, Meena; Venkateswaran, Chitra; Dasan, Chandra; Sivakami, Muthusamy; Manickam, Sam; Barrett, Andy; Wilson, Mike
    Our aim was to explore the role religion and spiritual beliefs play in dealing with the challenges associated with mental ill health among the Muslim community in Malappuram, Kerala. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with patients of Islamic faith diagnosed with a mental health condition (n = 10) in urban (Ponnani) and rural (Vailathur) area of Malappuram, a Muslim majority district in Kerala, their family carers (n = 8) and community members (n = 6). Four key themes were derived, namely (1) Attribution to supernatural factors, (2) Relying on “God’s will”, (3) Prayer, and (4) Traditional healing. Faith was seen to be a prerequisite for any treatment, including modern medicine, to work. Even within a single faith group there can be considerable variation in belief and practice, with more pious participants disapproving of the reliance on local traditional healers and belief systems, highlighting the value of paying attention to the detail of local beliefs and practices.
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    Idioms of resilience: Mental health and migration in India
    (Sage, 2021-08-31) Raghavan, Raghu; Brown, Brian J.; Coope, Jonathan; Crossley, Mark; Sivakami, Muthusamy; Gawde, Nilesh; Pendse, Tejasi; Jamwal, Saba; Barrett, Andy; Dyalchand, Ashok; Chaturvedi, Santosh; Chowdary, Abijeet; Heblikar, Dhanashree
    Background: Resilience has proved to be a versatile notion to explain why people are not defeated by hardship and adversity, yet so far, we know little of how it might apply to communities and cultures in low to middle income countries. Aim: This paper aims to explore the notion of resilience in cross-cultural context through considering the lived experience of internal migration. Methods: A sample of 30 participants with experience of migration was recruited from a low-income slum dwelling neighbourhood in the city of Pune, India. These individuals participated in biographical narrative interviews in which they were encouraged to talk about their experience of migration, their adaptation to life in their new environment and making new lives for themselves. Results: Participants referred to a variety of intra-individual and external factors that sustained their resilience, including acceptance of their circumstances, the importance of memory, hope for their children’s futures as well as kindness from family friends and community members and aspects of the physical environment which were conducive to an improvement in their lives. Conclusions: By analogy with the widely used term ‘idioms of distress’, we advocate attention to the locally nuanced and culturally inflected ‘idioms of resilience’ or ‘eudaemonic idioms’ which are of crucial importance as migration and movement become ever more prominent in discussions of human problems. The nature and extent of people’s coping abilities, their aspirations and strategies for tackling adversity, their idioms of resilience and eudaemonic repertoires merit attention so that services can genuinely support their adjustment and progress in their new-found circumstances.
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    Improving access to services for people from minority ethnic communities
    (2009) Raghavan, Raghu
    This article explores ethnicity, cultural diversity and learning disability, focusing on the key issues and barriers for access and use of services. It highlights the need for all staff to develop cultural competence to ensure that services are able to meet the diverse needs of individuals and their families and carers
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    Improving the recruitment of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities in health and social care research: a review of literature
    (2017-01-30) Raghavan, Raghu; Jutlla, Karan
    It is suggested that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities experience severe health inequalities and poor health outcomes compared to indigenous white groups. However there is a dearth of health-related research undertaken with BAME populations in the UK. Many terms are used to describe this group of people such as ‘ethnic minorities’, ‘racial minorities’ ‘black and minority ethnic’ groups. The aim of this literature review is to identify the barriers and enablers for recruiting people from BAME communities in research. Searches were an iterative process, designed to keep up to date with published material from the year 2000 onwards to 2015. In total, 54 articles were retrieved from which 39 papers were included in this review. A thematic analysis was applied to identify the key issues for consideration when conducting health related research with BAME communities. A number of key themes were identified as potential barriers for conducting research with BAME communities and approaches for improving research participation of Black Asian and Minority Ethnic communities are discussed