Browsing by Author "Rae, David"
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Item Embargo Are African economies open for entrepreneurship: how do we know?(Palgrave Macmillan, 2021-12-01) Rae, David; Kolade, Oluwaseun; Owoseni, AdebowaleInspired by the concept of entrepreneurship as a fundamental human right, this chapter interrogates the readiness of African states for entrepreneurial activity open to all. Given the scale of economic, demographic, political and environmental challenges facing African countries, exacerbated by the Coronavirus pandemic, it asks if the scale of ambition needs to be raised to support universal access to enterprise and innovation across Africa. From a shortlist of eight internationally recognised indices, five were selected to develop a framework for assessing the openness of African states for entrepreneurship. The most recent datasets from these five indices were standardised into a set of 54 African states. The countries were ranked by mean scores to enable pan-African comparisons. The chapter contributes to existing knowledge of African entrepreneurship and development through the development of a composite pan-African framework which maps national levels of economic openness and related factors critically affecting entrepreneurial development. This is more useful than global indices which typically conflate similarities and differences between African states, whilst masking historic causes, such as colonial legacies and instances of poor governance, conflict or recovery from natural disasters.Item Embargo Conceptualising Learning in Minorities Entrepreneurship(Palgrave Macmillan, 2021-04) Rae, DavidRae (2020) provides a learning model for entrepreneurship in minority groups, building on prior research in ethnic minority, migrant, indigenous, female, and LGBT+ entrepreneurs. This fills a gap in knowledge of how human and social learning can act as dynamic cultural enablers for minorities entrepreneurship. It positions entrepreneurial learning as a set of dynamic behavioural connectors which minority entrepreneurs use in enacting opportunities to create multiple forms of value for themselves and others, within their cultural and economic contexts. Entrepreneurial learning behaviours form dynamic connections between the micro-cultural resources, sources of capital and opportunity choices available in the context of minorities cultural groups. It can assist in advancing research, policy, educational and support measures to develop entrepreneurial identity, capability and effectiveness.Item Open Access Creative Learning for Entrepreneurship(Octaedro, 2024-03) Rae, David; Frank, R.; Hoare, M.This book was created as a learning resource which enables readers to develop their understanding and skills in creativity and entrepreneurship. It is written for anyone interested in creativity, entrepreneurship, education and learning, and in how these topics interconnect. It can be used by individual readers, students, educators, researchers, and people working in enterprise and small business support. In education, it is intended mainly for use at advanced and higher education levels. The book was created as part of the European Erasmus project, ‘Beyond the Limits – Developing Entrepreneurship via Creativity’ which ran from 2020 to 2023. The 18 chapters were written by leaders, authorities and innovators in creativity, entrepreneurship and learning. The book is organised in four themes, each of which comprises four or five chapters. All the chapters can be read and used freely and separately as educational and teaching resources. 1. Creative entrepreneurship and human development 2. Pedagogies for creative learning and education 3. Pedagogies for entrepreneurial learning and education 4. Social, community, and collective learning for creativity and enterpriseItem Metadata only Developing an entrepreneurial mindset in US engineering education: an international view of the KEEN project(The Journal of Engineering Entrepreneurship, 2017-04) Rae, David; Melton, D.E.This article explains the Kern Entrepreneurial Education Network (KEEN) in introducing innovative approaches to undergraduate engineering degree programs in independent universities in the United States of America (USA). The mission is to graduate engineers with an entrepreneurial mindset to create personal, economic, and societal value.Item Embargo Developing entrepreneurial leadership for sustainable organisations(Edward Elgar, 2018-01) Rae, DavidThis chapter sets out to explore the field of leadership development and its emerging contribution to sustainable entrepreneurship; why there is a need to develop research and effective practices in this area, and how this might be achieved. It studies the questions of how organisations can generate entrepreneurial leadership for their longer-term sustainability; how they can develop a sustained culture of entrepreneurship, and how they can facilitate people into leadership roles, which enable continuing innovation, development and growth. The research is based on four case studies developed from research with entrepreneurial leaders in selected organisations. The leaders had founded or led their organisations for significant periods, and built them up to achieve a level of success, scale and structure. Their organisations include private, ‘for-profit’, community, and social enterprise organisations, but all have a strong sense of ‘community’ identity and sustainability. The interpretation of the cases revealed the importance of the leaders’ principles and ethical values in articulating a vision for what the organisation could achieve. They practised deep community involvement to build trust, by connecting with individuals, families and groups. There is continual scanning for needs and possibilities for social innovation to address problems and create multiple forms of value, connecting latent resources to enact opportunities. Their approach to leadership is distinctive, rather than imitative of other organisations, whilst finding and growing human talent and social capital to develop the organisation is seen as essential for the future. A model for the development of entrepreneurial leadership for sustainability is advanced with reference to four related themes of strategic direction, culture, community and entrepreneurial innovation. The relationship between these themes suggests that these can be regarded as essential contributors to the development of leadership for longer-term sustainability of such organisations. This can suggest ways of developing a sustainable culture of entrepreneurship, and of facilitating leadership development, as well as indicating a future research pathway.Item Open Access Did Black Lives Matter to the British Empire in World War Two?(Byline Times, 2020-08-14) Rae, David; Keazor, Ed; Ojo, Ngozi EnehThe often overlooked story of the African soldiers who risked their lives and left their families to fight for the British must finally be recognised – as the sacrifice of their white counterparts is. This short article commemorates their contribution for VJ Day 75 on 15 August 2020.Item Embargo Dr Harry goes to Grantham: a momentary perspective on narrative construction, omission & interpretation(Routledge, 2014-12-01) Rae, DavidThis chapter takes its central idea as ‘the moment’: a point in time when experience is remembered, meaning generated and stories created. Narratives hinge on ‘critical moments’ when storied ‘turning points’ and realisations occur. It outlines the cultural significance of the moment, connecting related domains of knowledge in philosophy, literature, social psychology and, learning. It deploys a short story to demonstrate the significance of moments and the misuse of power in the lives of Higher Education organisations, and explore their symbolic importance in narrative construction. This poses questions of whether such a story should, or should not be told; and whether, once told it can be ‘untold’.Item Open Access East Midlands Top 500 Companies 2020(De Montfort University, 2020-08-01) Rae, David; English, Rachel; Charles, Alexandra; Cowling, Marc; Rossiter, William; Olagboye, Deji Osigbodi; Eneh, NgoziThe East Midlands Top 500 Companies 2020 is a new index which celebrates the business success of the East Midlands as a region with a remarkably strong, diverse and resilient range of firms. The Top 500 is based on historic data from Companies House accounts submitted between July 2017 and June 2018. These are accessed from the Financial Analysis Made Easy FAME database supplied by Bureau Van Dijk. This is supplemented from other publicly available sources of business information. The report includes analysis of the significance, an overview of the regional business economy, and a series of company case studies. The index represents the strength and diversity of firms based in the East Midlands. The Top 500 Index provides a continuing baseline for comparison in future years, since it comprises data predating the effects of Brexit and COVID-19. This will be updated yearly. It includes companies with their registered offices located in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire. All these businesses have been included in the ‘Top 200 Companies’ 2019 for Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, featured in the ‘Business Live’ coverage by Reach Media.Item Open Access Entrepreneurial Collective Intelligence: Working paper including Case Studies(Centre for Enterprise & Innovation, 2023-08-01) Rae, David; Blenker, PerThe purpose of this Working Paper is to provide a single point of reference for a set of case studies which were researched and written during 2021-23 to inform conference and journal papers on the new concept of Entrepreneurial Collective Intelligence (ECI). The cases themselves were too long in total to be included in full in these publications. Also, the cases may be of value separately for research, demonstration and educational purposes. Based on insights from the case studies, a conceptualisation identifies four categories of collaborative structures and collective work processes which characterise ECI in the organisations studied, as well as more generally. These include: Collaborative processes; distributed working; intelligence availability, and organisation of infrastructures.Item Metadata only Entrepreneurial Learning: New Perspectives in Research, Education and Practice(Routledge, 2015-01-26) Rae, David; Wang, CatherineThis book explores the development of the rapidly evolving field of entrepreneurial learning by bringing together contributions from an international team of researchers, who offer new understanding of its emerging development and its potential scope for the future. Using the three domains of theory, education, and learning-in-practice, this book offers differing and complementary perspectives on entrepreneurial learning: Conceptual work which reviews and summarises prior work in the field and advances theoretical understanding of entrepreneurial learning research, enabling a review of the development of research in this area over time. Applied work around entrepreneurship education which develops understanding of teaching and learning practices in educational and institutional contexts. Exploration of learning in ‘real’ business contexts, including new venture creation, family business and small business development, and ‘intrapreneurial’ learning in larger organisations. Using global perspectives, originating from the different cultural contexts of the USA, UK, Nordic and Chinese perspectives, the chapters converge to address issues, questions and opportunities for the future development of entrepreneurial learning. This book will be of interest to educators and researchers in the areas of entrepreneurship, enterprise education and entrepreneurial development, as well as policy makers and business advice and support agencies.Item Metadata only Entrepreneurial learning: peripherality and connectedness(Emerald, 2017-05-02) Rae, DavidThis article explores the roles of peripherality and centrality in relation to entrepreneurial learning and development. Peripherality has previously been considered from a mainly geographical perspective as being remote, loosely connected, and marginal. A broader conception of the topic is addressed, asking: in what ways is peripherality relevant to entrepreneurial learning? How can centre-peripheral connectivity enhance this? What are the implications for communities, learners and educators?Item Embargo Entrepreneurial resilience in turbulent environments: the role of spiritual capital(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019) Kolade, Oluwaseun; Egbetokun, Abiodun; Rae, David; Hussain, JavedIncreasingly, businesses in the 21st century have to grapple with the challenges of operating in turbulent environments characterised by market volatility, political instability, and terrorism. These challenges are relevant to developing countries, where institutional weaknesses exacerbate environmental turbulence; and developed countries, where, for example in the UK, businesses are grappling with the uncertainties of BREXIT. In order to survive and compete, firms mobilise external resources and develop new strategies. For instance, scholars have observed that social capital in the form of cooperative alliances enables rival firms to combine resources, share costs, achieve economies of scale, and mitigate risk and uncertainty in innovation. Recently, a new interest has emerged in the role of spiritual capital—that is, the set of personal, intangible, and transcendent resources that emanate from an individual's spiritual or religious beliefs and experiences and may be used in economic activity. Spiritual capital is especially relevant in developing countries including those in sub-Saharan Africa where there are greater institutional voids, and religion and spirituality play a dominant role in society. While recent studies have drawn attention to the impact of spiritual capital on firm level innovation and performance as well as corporate governance practices, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that interrogates and integrates the relationships between spiritual capital, environmental turbulence, entrepreneurial resilience and firm survival. Finally, we test this theoretical model in an empirical study of 306 randomly selected SMEs in Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies and an archetypical context for addressing key questions of resilience and environmental turbulence. The results of the hierarchical regression model indicate that faith beliefs have significant impact on entrepreneurial resilience, but prayer and worship do not.Item Embargo Entrepreneurship in the Open Space: a New Dynamic for Creating Value?(Emerald, 2019-06-17) Rae, DavidEntrepreneurship as a socially engaged and responsible movement is increasingly conceptualised as creating multiple sources of value: social, environmental, technological, cultural as well as financial, all contributing to wider economic performance. There is rapid growth in the availability and expectation of ‘Open’ tools and resources, including innovation; data; research access; source code; educational and learning materials; and government. There is increasing interest in their potential for value creation, requiring research attention and clarity of what ‘Open’ means in this context. This chapter explores three dimensions of the ‘Open Space’ of freely available resources for entrepreneurship: 1. What is ‘Open’ in the context of entrepreneurship? 2. Why is Open Entrepreneurship important for conceptualisation, education and practice? 3. Can Open Entrepreneurship provide significant new opportunities for innovation, value creation, and learning, and if so, how can these be realised? The chapter defines ‘Open Entrepreneurship’ (OE) as a unifying approach for value creation through a conceptual model combining ‘Open’ tools and resources. Open resources for digital and data-led entrepreneurship offer conditions for new, pervasive and distributed forms of value-creating entrepreneurial activity. These can create learning environments with rich access to data and resources, innovative connections, and opportunities for co-creating value in multiple forms. This learning-centred approach builds on the concept of entrepreneurship as an educational philosophy of value creation for others. Without this, there are risks that entrepreneurial education, and the capabilities of micro-business owners and managers, may lag the development of an Open digital economy, rather than creating new forms of Open entrepreneurship.Item Open Access ‘Insight Unlocked’: Applying a Collective Intelligence approach to engage employers in informing Local Skills Improvement Planning(Sage, 2023-06-30) Rae, David; Cartwright, Edward; Gongora, Mario Augusto; Hobson, Chris; Shah, HarshThis paper demonstrates how the innovative application of a Collective Intelligence approach enhanced Local Skills Planning information for employers, education and skills training organisations and regional economic policy organisations. This took place within a Knowledge Transfer Partnership between a Chamber of Commerce and a University. This aimed to develop and deploy regional business intelligence for enhanced policy and decision-making in enterprise and economic development. The project converged knowledge from several research centres including economics, entrepreneurship and innovation, data science, and Artificial Intelligence. The paper presents a project case study which provides two contributions to applied knowledge. Firstly, it demonstrates how a Collective Intelligence (CI) approach can be applied to achieve rapid results in resolving the real-world problem of local skills information availability. Useful real-time data was gathered from employers in three sectors on skills requirements, supply and training. This was analysed using Artificial Intelligence tools, then shared publicly via an automated Internet portal, providing a scalable model for wider use. Secondly, it explores and evaluates how the knowledge exchange (KE) process can function effectively and quickly in applying CI-based innovation in practical ways which create new value, within a Knowledge Transfer Partnership between a University and Chamber of Commerce. environment.Item Embargo Intercultural Entrepreneurship in Creative Place-making(Palgrave, 2019) Rae, DavidThis chapter explores the role of microcultural and intercultural creative entrepreneurship. Taking microcultures as small groups who share a common values, beliefs, behaviours, and heritage, it explores how cultural value is created through entrepreneurial activities within and between microcultures, and in relation to the macroculture. The chapter argues that processes of learning, interaction, and cultural exchange enhance intercultural understanding and shape entrepreneurial behaviours across cultural boundaries, leading to enhanced cultural and economic value and innovation. It explores the role of microcultures and intercultural entrepreneurship beyond the generalised term of the cultural economy, by recognising the diversity of cultural relations and activities, embedded in and produced by and through a myriad of ethnic groups, communities, organisations and other social collectives. Building on a range of theoretical contributions, the chapter develops a conceptual framework for micro-cultural entrepreneurship, which is used explore inter- and intra-cultural innovation and value creation in two case studies: Leicester in the UK and Cape Breton in Canada. The chapter concludes that the practice of a micro-cultural framework provides useful insights in understanding cultural entrepreneurship and that intercultural innovation has significant potential for enhancing cultural value and creative place-making.Item Embargo Introduction to Palgrave Handbook of African Entrepreneurship(Palgrave macmillan, 2021-12-01) Kolade, Oluwaseun; Rae, David; Obembe, Demola; Woldesenbet, K.Item Embargo Leicester: City of Intercultural Creativity and Entrepreneurial Place-making(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2023-11) Rae, David; Sangray, SudeshLeicester is a Midlands city of around 368,000 people. In the 50 years between 1972 -2022, it was transformed by the arrival and settlement of multiple ethnic minority groups. This created a unique multicultural community for a city of its size. The case explores how Leicester has developed as an intercultural creative economy. It relates the story of the ‘Ugandan Asians’ arriving in 1972, and the background of migration from the Indian subcontinent and other migration flows. It describes multicultural development and demographic changes over the fifty years to 2022. It discusses issues and changes in public policy and community relations which resolved conflicts and tensions. The main focus is the development of intercultural entrepreneurship, based on the diverse ethnic microcultures which settled in Leicester and the ways in which their activities have burgeoned in the creative economy and social spaces, enabling innovation and the urban transformation from a monoculture in 1972 to the highly diverse City of today. This convergence of interculturality enabled Leicester to become energized through intercultural entrepreneurship, creating a unique international identity, and attracting students, migrants and entrepreneurs worldwide. Despite Lockdowns in the COVID Pandemic during 2020-21, Leicester is now a globally branded city, known for its distinctive ethnic, food, music, costume, festivals and sporting cultures.Item Embargo The Palgrave Handbook of African Entrepreneurship(Palgrave Macmillan, 2021-12-01) Kolade, Oluwaseun; Rae, David; Obembe, Demola; Woldesenbet, K.This comprehensive handbook offers a state-of-the-art guide to new frontiers of African entrepreneurship. Written from a Pan-African perspective by a cast of international authors, the book addresses the rapid modernisation and evolution of African entrepreneurship and business practices. It maps new developments in entrepreneurial ecosystems, technology and digital entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship in conflict zones, and gender and diversity issues. It proposes new models for entrepreneurial financing and explores the contrast between entrepreneurship in high-technology urban centres with peripheral rural districts and conflict zones. Bringing together empirical insights and case studies from countries across Africa, the Handbook illuminates regional and contextual differences and shares theoretical and practical insights which inform policy and practice. It is an ideal guide for researchers and students working on international business, entrepreneurship and emerging economies. It will also inform policymakers in developing context-informed entrepreneurial policies and initiatives in Africa.Item Open Access The role of collective intelligence and collective agency in enterprising communities(Emerald, 2023-08-29) Blenker, Per; Rae, DavidPurpose This paper aims to introduce the concept of Entrepreneurial Collective Intelligence (ECI) as a means of understanding how communities of entrepreneurial actors learn to act both collectively and knowingly. It explores how connections between processes of CI, agency and action can explain and enable the development entrepreneurial community organisations. Design/methodology/approach There is a selective literature review of prior works on the related fields of community and collective entrepreneurship; collectives and intelligence; agency and action. The review is used to propose a framework of collective entrepreneurial intelligence, agency and action. An interpretive approach is used to research four case studies of community organisations which use CI to generate entrepreneurial outcomes. Findings The cases are compared with themes from prior literature to develop a conceptual model of four ECI processes which enable intelligence, agency and action: collaborative processes; distributed working; intelligence representations and organisation of infrastructures. These are theorised to discuss ideas, challenges, methods and questions to enhance entrepreneurial actions, based on sharing knowledge and learning, in the context of collective agency, action and intelligence. Research limitations/implications The four processes, both together and separately, represent a coherent framework useful for further studies on the role of collectives in enterprising communities. Practical implications The four processes each represent a central area of attention, not only for development, learning, decision-making and leadership within enterprising communities but also for entrepreneurship education in terms of alternative didactics, pedagogies and learning forms. Social implications The improved knowledge on the role of collective agency and CI within entrepreneurial processes is useful for strengthening civil activism and other fruitful forms of entrepreneurial collective processes. This may help solve complicated societal problems where traditional conceptions of entrepreneurship fail. Originality/value The conceptual contribution is to explain the dynamic relationships between ECI and action, mediated by collective agency. The role of CI in informing entrepreneurial communities is explored and four enabling processes are proposed. This coherent framework is useful for further studies on the role of collectives in enterprising communities, whilst informing their learning, decision-making and leadership.Item Open Access Top 500 Companies in the East Midlands 2023 Report(Cross Productions, 2023-08-08) Rae, David; Brown, A.; Iben, Manisha; Charles, Alexandra; Rossiter, WilliamCelebrating the business success of the East Midlands as a region, the East Midlands Top 500 Companies 2023 report showcases a strong, diverse range of resilient firms. Professor David Rae of De Montfort University has compiled and analysed the data providing the fourth years’ insight into the most influential Companies and the largest industries operating from the East Midlands