Browsing by Author "Kapelan, Z."

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    Battle of the Water Calibration Networks
    (ASCE, 2011) Ostfeld, A.; Salomons, E.; Ormsbee, L.; Uber, J.; Bros, C.; Kalungi, P.; Burd, R.; Zazula-Coetzee, B.; Belrain, T.; Kang, D.; Lansey, K.; Shen, H.; McBean, E.; Yi Wu, Z.; Walski, T.; Alvisi, S.; Franchini, M.; Johnson, J.; Ghimire, S.; Barkdoll, B.; Koppel, T.; Vassiljev, A.; Kim, J.; Chung, G.; Yoo, D.; Diao, Kegong; Zhou, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, Z.; Chang, K.; Gao, J.; Qu, S.; Yuan, Y.; Prasad, T.; Laucelli, D.; Vamvakeridou Lyroudia, L.; Kapelan, Z.; Savic, D.; Berardi, L.; Barbaro, G.; Giustolisi, O.; Asadzadeh, M.; Tolson, B.; McKillop, R.
    Calibration is a process of comparing model results with field data and making the appropriate adjustments so that both results agree. Calibration methods can involve formal optimization methods or manual methods in which the modeler informally examines alternative model parameters. The development of a calibration framework typically involves the following: (1) definition of the model variables, coefficients, and equations; (2) selection of an objective function to measure the quality of the calibration; (3) selection of the set of data to be used for the calibration process; and (4) selection of an optimization/manual scheme for altering the coefficient values in the direction of reducing the objective function. Hydraulic calibration usually involves the modification of system demands, fine-tuning the roughness values of pipes, altering pump operation characteristics, and adjusting other model attributes that affect simulation results, in particular those that have significant uncertainty associated with their values. From the previous steps, it is clear that model calibration is neither unique nor a straightforward technical task. The success of a calibration process depends on the modeler’s experience and intuition, as well as on the mathematical model and procedures adopted for the calibration process. This paper provides a summary of the Battle of the Water Calibration Networks (BWCN), the goal of which was to objectively compare the solutions of different approaches to the calibration of water distribution systems through application to a real water distribution system. Fourteen teams from academia, water utilities, and private consultants participated. The BWCN outcomes were presented and assessed at the 12th Water Distribution Systems Analysis conference in Tucson, Arizona, in September 2010. This manuscript summarizes the BWCN exercise and suggests future research directions for the calibration of water distribution systems.
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    Project Neptune: Improved Operation of Water Distribution Networks
    (ASCE, 2008-08-17) Savic, D. A.; Boxall, J. B.; Ulanicki, Bogumil; Kapelan, Z.; Makropoulos, C.; Fenner, R.; Soga, K.; Marshall, I. W.; Maksimovic, C.; Postlethwaite, Ian; Ashley, R.; Graham, N.
    Water service providers (WSPs) in the UK have statutory obligations to supply drinking water to all customers that complies with increasingly stringent water quality egulations and minimum flow and pressure criteria. At the same time, the industry is required by egulators and investors to demonstrate increasing operational efficiency and to meet a wide range of performance criteria that are expected to improve year-on-year. Most WSPs have an ideal for improving the operation of their water supply systems based on increased knowledge and understanding of their assets and a shift to proactive management followed by steadily increasing degrees of system monitoring, utomation and optimisation. The fundamental mission is, however, to ensure security of supply, with no interruptions and water quality of the highest standard at the tap. Unfortunately, advanced technologies required to fully understand, manage and automate water supply system operation either do not yet exist, are only partially evolved, or have not yet been reliably proven for live water distribution systems. It is this deficiency that the project NEPTUNE seeks to address by carrying out research into 3 main areas; these are: data and knowledge management; pressure management (including energy management); and the associated complex decision support systems on which to base interventions. The 3-year project started in April of 2007 and has already resulted in a number of research findings under the three main research priority areas (RPA). The paper summarises in greater detail the overall project objectives, the RPA activities and the areas of research innovation that are being undertaken in this major, UK collaborative study.
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    Project neptune: Improved operation of water distribution networks.
    (ASCE, 2009) Savic, D. A.; Boxall, J. B.; Ulanicki, Bogumil; Kapelan, Z.; Makropoulos, C.; Fenner, R.; Soga, K.; Marshall, I. W.; Maksimovic, C.; Postlethwaite, I.; Ashley, R.; Graham, N.