Browsing by Author "Ebohon, O. J."
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Item Metadata only Architectural Design: Its Roles on Buildings for Sustainable Development(Salford University, 2013) Allu, Evelyn; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.Item Metadata only Bottom-up approach to sustainable urban development in Lebanon: The case of Zouk Mosbeh(Elsevier, 2012) El Asmar, Jean-Pierre; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.In contrast with the “top-down” approach to development, the dominant methodology in Lebanon, Iemphasize rather the “bottom-up” approach where all stakeholders have equal opportunities to participate in policy formulation and implementation. The bottom-up or participatory approach to sustainable development has hardly been tested for urban development and management in Lebanon. This research concerns the sustainable rehabilitation of the built environment in the area of Zouk Mosbeh (ZM) in Lebanon. This area of Lebanon as with most other parts of the country suffered extensive infrastructure damage and displacement of people during the civil war. Since the seizure of hostilities, ZM has witnessed unprecedented physical growth, inviting huge problems of unplanned urban growth, traffic congestion, solid wastes, and pollution. A triangulation method has been employed, which combines both semi-structured interviews and subjective surveys to enhance understanding of the sustainable urban planning and management of ZM. The results showed that top-down command and control measures, useful as these are, may not produce an effective sustainable urban ZM, but a bottom-up approach to urban management is needed. The participatory process where all stakeholders are involved in the policy and implementation process, would allow them to take ownership of the sustainable development process. The study is expected to yield some policy recommendations to promote sustainable rehabilitation of ZM in Lebanon, encouraging a collaborative approach to sustainable urban development. The research is likely to be of significance to the government of Lebanon, the Zouk Mosbeh local authority, and policy makers in developing countries.Item Metadata only Exploring Sustainable Tourism in Nigeria for Developmental Growth(2012-09) Ayeni, Dorcas; Ebohon, O. J.Tourism has become a major source of economic diversification for many countries, underpinning the service sector and forging effective backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy, allowing new employment and income earning opportunities. Although, the developed countries account for a higher proportion of global tourism, many developing countries are beginning to take advantage of the huge opportunities offered by tourism. However, only developing countries with effective natural and man-made tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure have been able to develop their tourism sector and seize the attendant advantages. The need for economic diversification in most developing countries is overwhelming because of their defining mono-cultural economic characteristics where only one or two commodities dominate exports and provides the bulk of foreign exchange from which these countries could reconcile their internal and external balances. Nigeria is one such country seeking to diversify its economy away from crude oil production to maximize employment and income generating opportunities. Nigeria has huge tourism potentials, especially given its natural and diversified landscapes but lacks effective and tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure. While tourism affords huge employment and income generating opportunities, its impact on bio-physical environment is well acknowledged hence the emphasis on sustainable tourism. Indeed, most of Nigeria’s natural landscapes are eco-sensitive areas and exploring them as tourist destinations must be sustainably conducted to enhance the carrying-capacity or regenerative capacity of these landscapes. This paper critically analyses Nigeria’s tourism potentials, focusing on the impacts on the wider economy. By appealing to the qualitative method of research, the paper concludes that the tourism sector has huge potentials yet unexplored, which if fully supported, can contribute significantly to the economic diversification and poverty alleviation efforts of the government.Item Metadata only Green construction in India: Gaining a deeper understanding(2009) Arif, Mohammed; Egbu, Charles; Haleem, Abid; Ebohon, O. J.; Khalfan, MAAEnvironmental concerns have moved from being a fringe issue in any project to main agenda items at senior executive meetings (Walton et al. 1998). Massive construction activity is taking place globally to accommodate the migration of world population to urban areas, a proportion that is expected to reach 60% by the year 2030 (Syal et al. 2006). In recent years India has seen major economic growth, and with this growth, construction activities have gone up significantly. In India the current annual investment in construction is around $70 billion, with an identified need for an additional $50 billion and a projected annual growth rate of 15%. It is estimated that supporting infrastructure will need an investment of around $163 billion over the next 10 years (Syal et al. 2006). With a shortage of 41 million housing units to accommodate the existing population (Tiwari 20010, construction activities of all types are taking place at a rapid pace. However, with increased construction activities comes increased environmental concern. In developed countries where the benefits of going green are extensively documented and the construction sector is encouraged to go green and promote sustainability, there is a reluctance among companies to commit themselves to go green at the corporate policy level (Ofori 2000). However, it would be interesting to elicit the views of the Indian construction sector on the issue of green construction practices and analyze the challenges that can potentially inhibit the adoption of sustainable practices in a growing economy. Under the wider umbrella of green issues, several initiatives are under way worldwide. The definition of “green” is quite broad, and a wide spectrum of issues is subsumed under this umbrella. Some of the major issues that fall under the “green” category are sustainability, environment, energy, waste minimization, etc. Although we talk about green all the time, individuals from regulatory bodies, private corporations, government agencies, and final consumers view green from different perspectives and use different sets of variables to choose the path of going green. For every member of the supply chain of any construction or infrastructure project, drivers are different, and hence a view of these drivers for different stakeholders is important to understand how green can be made successful and popular. With this background in mind, a workshop was organized by academics from the University of Salford, U.K., and Jamia Millia Islamia University, India, in New Delhi in July 2008. The workshop included participants from regulatory bodies, public and private construction companies, academics, and researchers from India. This forum presents the findings of that workshop and identifies future directions of research in the area.Item Metadata only Initiatives and attempts to safeguard landscapes of the recent past: the United Kingdom perspective(2011) Haenraets, Jan H. M.; Ebohon, O. J.Item Metadata only The likely effect of sustainable landscape on the quality of life through tourism: focus on Nigeria(2011) Ayeni, Dorcas; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.Increase in leisure time, improved rising standard of living and concerns for healthy life style has geared people into taking part in tourism activities and landscape, play a very important role in the choice of the tourist destination. The desire of every tourist is to enjoy beautiful landscapes either natural or human-made which come in a variety of forms. A well landscaped attraction with nature, wildlife, water and other elements help people enjoy the environment, fresh air, engage in physical exercise, reduce anxiety and feel relaxed thereby adding to the quality of life. This paper sheds light on the need for proper development of tourist potentials in Nigeria through landscaping in order to improve on the quality of life of its people and tourists in general. It reviews literature in landscaping and examines the role it plays on the quality of life. It also analysed data collected from field survey in Nigeria using the descriptive summary measures and concludes that landscaping has the potential to contribute to the human wellbeing if considered, and should feature in the development of the Nigerian tourists’ attractions.Item Metadata only Local Constraints on Sustainable Tourism Development in Africa; the Nigerian Example(2009) Ayeni, Dorcas; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.The growth of tourism in Africa, the second largest continent in the world in recent years has been rapid, especially in areas where there is social stability. Though still very much lacking in tourism supporting infrastructures, African tourism has recorded significant growth in recent years. However, this trend is much concentrated in Eastern and Southern Africa; other parts of Africa such as West Africa have not managed to take advantage of the growth in internal and external tourism despite the huge tourism potential. Nigeria is one of the African nations known for her vast tourism potentials, especially given it’s over whelming historic, cultural and natural assets. Tourism encourages growth and physical development of destination area especially where planned and executed. However the development of tourism is being hindered by local constraints which need to be understood and resolved. Otherwise, sustainable tourism, especially internal tourism will remain undeveloped boosting local demands for international tourism. Local demand for international tourism, especially European, North America, and Dubai destinations attests to this assertion. This paper discusses tourism in Africa and Nigeria in relations to the general constraint affecting tourism in the continent generally and Nigeria specifically. Using relevant literature, the paper identifies a number of local constraints facing the Nigeria tourism industry and critically examines some selected tourist areas in the middle belt zone of Nigeria. Recommendations are suggested on possible way forward by which these constraints are overcome.Item Metadata only The need to Explore Sustainable Tourism for Developmental Growth in Nigeria(2009) Ayeni, Dorcas; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.Item Metadata only Promoting sustainable tourism through landscape architecture in developing countries: Case study of Nigeria(Salford University, 2009) Ayeni, Dorcas; Olotuah, A. O.; Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.The benefits associated with recreation and tourism is widely acknowledged, which is especially the case when the effects on stress and the enhancing impact on well-being and productivity are considered. This is why society strives to facilitate places of recreation and tourism, some of which are natural and others man-made features commonly referred to as landscapes. Landscaping is generally used to engineer and boost tourism by many countries, as it adds to the natural beauty and scenery of the physical environment. However, tourism and recreation are often underdeveloped in many developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa despite being endowed with rich natural and scenic landscapes. The paper reports findings from an on-going research on developing sustainable landscape and tourism in Nigeria. The research methodology employed in this study included relevant literature search, oral interviews and visits to selected tourist attractions and urban centers in Nigeria to ascertain the level of landscape development and attendant tourist infrastructures. The paper discusses the importance and value of landscape as a tourist attraction in the urban environment, and recommends ways in which landscaping can enhance the urban physical environment and boost tourism.Item Metadata only Reducing Waste to Landfill in the UK: Identifying Impediments and Critical Solutions(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013) Oyedele, L. O.; Regan, M.; von Meding, J.; Ahmed, A.; Ebohon, O. J.; Elnokaly, A.Purpose – The UK construction industry produces up to one third of all waste to landfill. This study aims to identify specific project practices impeding the reduction of waste in construction projects as well as uncovering potential waste solutions throughout the project delivery process. The rationale being that for such a drastic reduction in waste to landfill, holistic and extensive measures would be required. Design/methodology/approach – A two-way methodological approach was used. This comprised qualitative unstructured interviews and a quantitative questionnaire survey of three major stakeholders in the UK construction industry: clients, architects and contractors. Findings – Design factors remain the major cause of impediments to waste reduction to landfill. Critical impediments include clients making waste prevention a top priority in projects, overly complex designs, waste taking a low priority compared to project time and costs, lack of concerns by designers for buildability, among others. Critical solutions include early supply chain involvement in design process, choosing materials for their durability, early communication of design changes to all parties, longer project programmes and better lead times, among others. Practical implications – In all, the target of halving construction waste to landfill based on the 2008 benchmark is achievable but would require construction companies to take it upon themselves to implement the proposed solutions suggested by this study. Originality/value – The value of this research is to provide UK construction companies with solutions to reduce waste and aid the reaching of the landfill target, as landfill is decreasing as a solution to waste. In addition the cost savings on reducing waste could be crucial for companies in this current economic climate.Item Metadata only Sustainable Agenda: Challenges of Mitigation and Adaptation in the Nigerian Built Environment(ARCON, 2013) Ebohon, O. J.; Taki, A. H.; Allu, Evelyn