Browsing by Author "Dubey, Indu"
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Item Metadata only Beginning steps in school mental health in India: A teacher workshop(Taylor and Francis, 2009) Dubey, Indu; Kumar, D.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Singh, N. K.; Dotiwala, K. N.; Siddiqui, S. V.; Goyal, N.Item Metadata only Bipolar Disorder and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Is It A Mere Coincidence?(CNS spectrums, 2009-11) Dubey, Indu; Haq, M. Z.; Khess, C. R. J. CRJ; Das, U.; Kumar, R.Item Metadata only Brief report: A comparison of the preference for viewing social and non-social movies in typical and autistic adolescents(Springer, 2016-11-23) Dubey, Indu; Ropar, D.; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.The recently proposed Social Motivation theory (Chevallier et al., Trends in cognitive sciences 16(4):231–239, 2012) suggests that social difficulties in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) might be caused by a difference in the motivation to engage with other people. Here we compared adolescents with (N = 31) and without (N = 37) ASC on the Choose-a-Movie paradigm that measures the social seeking. The results showed a preference for viewing objects over smiling faces in ASC, which is in line with the theory of low social motivation. However, typical adolescents did not show any stimuli preferences, raising questions about developmental changes in social motivation. Age was found to play a significant role in moderating the choice behaviour of the participants. We discuss the implications of these findings in detail.Item Metadata only Comparison of choose-a-movie and approach–avoidance paradigms to measure social motivation(Springer, 2017-11-11) Dubey, Indu; Ropar, D.; Hamilton, A.Social motivation is a subjective state which is rather difficult to quantify. It has sometimes been conceptualised as “behavioural effort” to seek social contact. Two paradigms: approach–avoidance (AA) and choose a movie (CAM), based on the same conceptualisation, have been used to measure social motivation in people with and without autism. However, in absence of a direct comparison, it is hard to know which of these paradigms has higher sensitivity in estimating preference for social over non-social stimuli. Here we compare these two tasks for their utility in (1) evaluating social seeking in typical people and (2) identifying the influence of autistic traits on social motivation. Our results suggest that CAM reveals a clear preference for social stimuli over non-social in typical adults but AA fails to do so. Also, social seeking measured with CAM but not AA has a negative relationship between autistic traits.Item Open Access Distinct neural correlates of social and object reward seeking motivation(Wiley, 2020-07-02) Dubey, Indu; Georgescu, Alexandra L.; Hommelsen, Maximilian; Vogeley, Kai; Ropar, Danielle; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.The “Choose‐a‐Movie‐CAM” is an established task to quantify the motivation for seeking social rewards. It allows participants to directly assess both the stimulus value and the effort required to obtain it. In the present study, we aimed to identify the neural mechanisms of such cost‐benefit decision‐making. To this end, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were collected from 24 typical adults while they completed the CAM task. We partly replicated the results from our previous behavioural studies showing that typical adults prefer social over object stimuli and low effort over higher effort stimuli but found no interaction between the two. Results from neuroimaging data suggest that there are distinct neural correlates for social and object preferences. The precuneus and medial orbitofrontal cortex, two key areas involved in social processing are engaged when participants make a social choice. Areas of the ventral and dorsal stream pathways associated with object recognition are engaged when making an object choice. These activations can be seen during the decision phase even before the rewards have been consumed, indicating a transfer the hedonic properties of social stimuli to its cues. We also found that the left insula and bilateral clusters in the inferior occipital gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule were recruited for increasing effort investment. We discuss limitations and implications of this study which reveals the distinct neural correlates for social and object rewards, using a robust behavioural measure of social motivation.Item Metadata only Effect of meta-cognitive training in the reduction of positive symptoms in schizophrenia(Taylor and Francis, 2010-08-03) Dubey, Indu; Kumar, D.; Haq, M.Z.U.; Dotiwala, K.N.; Siddiqui, S.V.; Prakash, R.; Abhishek, P.; Nizamie, S.H.Metacognitive training (MCT), a variant of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, is a recently developed therapeutic method that targets active positive symptoms, primarily delusions. It translates basic research related to cognitive biases behind these symptoms into a training procedure for schizophrenia patients. To see the effectiveness of MCT a total of sixteen recently admitted schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent treatment as usual (TAU) and the other group underwent MCT plus TAU. The MCT group showed steeper decline in positive symptoms with medium to large effect sizes. Findings are discussed in the light of their practical implications.Item Metadata only Long-term concentrative meditation and cognitive performance among older adults(Taylor and Francis, 2012-12-13) Prakash, R; Rastogi, P; Dubey, Indu; Abhishek, P; Chaudhary, S; Small, BJItem Metadata only Long-term Vihangam Yoga meditation and scores on tests of attention(Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2010-06-01) Dubey, Indu; Prakash, R.; Abhishek, P.; Gupta, S.K.; Rastogi, P.; Siddiqui, S.V.Although the literature indicates that meditation has beneficial effects on several aspects of human functioning, few studies have specifically investigated the effects of meditation on various domains of attention. This study was conducted to examine the differences in various domains of attention between long-term concentrative meditators versus matched controls. 15 practitioners of Vihangam Yoga (> 10 yr. experience) were enrolled in the study. Controls matched on age, sex, and years of education were recruited. Both groups were administered the Stroop, Trail-Making, and Digit Symbol Substitution tests as well as the Digit Forward and Digit Backward tests. The group of Vihangam Yogis had significantly better mean performance on all tests of attention. Long-term Vihangam Yoga meditation improves attention span, processing speed, attention alternation ability, and performance in interference tests.Item Metadata only Lower P300 amplitudes for internally-generated events in patients with schizophrenia(Elsevier, 2018-06) Dubey, Indu; Abhishek, P.; Nizamie, S.H.; Goyal, N.; Tikka, S.K.; Pachori, H.; Kumar, D.; Katshu, M.Z.U.H.BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate difficulty differentiating internally-generated from externally-generated events. An excessive deployment of attention to external events as well as poor processing of self-generated events has been proposed to explain this misattribution. This study was done to understand the neurophysiological basis of source monitoring bias in schizophrenia. METHODS: Seventeen patients and fourteen healthy controls completed a two-stage source monitoring task involving solving a three-letter jumbled word either by the participant or a computer following which they had to identify the correct source of the word - solved by self (internal source monitoring, ISM) or by computer (external source monitoring, ESM) - while EEG was recorded. P300 amplitude and latency were computed separately for ISM and ESM conditions. RESULTS: P300 amplitude for ISM condition was lower in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls over right and left parietal regions. Additionally, P300 amplitude for ISM condition was lower compared to ESM condition in patients over right and left parietal regions. However, P300 amplitude for ESM condition did not differ significantly between the groups. In contrast to P300 amplitude, there was no significant difference in P300 latency in ISM or ESM condition within or between the groups. CONCLUSION: P300 amplitude was lower for internally-generated but not externally-generated events in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that patients allocate less attentional resources to internally generated events resulting in poorer processing and consequent misattribution of their source of origin. This study provides the first specific electrophysiological evidence of impaired source monitoring in schizophrenia.Item Metadata only Measuring the value of social engagement in adults with and without autism(Molecular Autism, 2015-12) Dubey, Indu; Ropar, D.; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.Background Differences in social communication are commonly reported in autism spectrum condition (ASC). A recent theory attributes this to a reduced motivation to engage with others, that is, deficits in social motivation. However, there are currently few simple, direct, behavioural ways to test this claim. This study uses a new behavioural measure of social motivation to test if preferences for direct gaze and face stimuli are linked to autistic traits or an ASC diagnosis. Our novel choose-a-movie (CAM) paradigm measures the effort participants invest to see particular stimuli. This aspect of social motivation is also known as social seeking. Methods In experiment 1, 80 typical adults completed the CAM task and a measure of autistic traits. In experiment 2, 30 adults with ASC and 24 age/IQ-matched typical adults completed the CAM paradigm. Results The results from study one showed that typical adults prefer social stimuli over non-social, but this preference is weaker in those with higher levels of autistic traits. In study two, adults with ASC showed a significant reduction in their preference for direct gaze but little difference in their preference for faces without direct gaze. Conclusions These data show that social motivation can be measured in a simple, direct, behavioural paradigm. Furthermore, adults with ASC prefer direct gaze less than typical adults but may not avoid faces without direct gaze. This data advance our understanding of how social motivation may differ between those with and without autism.Item Open Access Perceived Stigma Towards Psychiatric Illnesses in Mental Health Trainees: A Cross-Sectional Study(Springer, 2020-06-25) Dubey, Indu; Arivazhagan, K.; Sharma, Satyam; Sreeraj, V. S.; Uvais, N. A.Psychiatric disorders have always been seen as character disturbances and hence have always bore higher stigma than many other physical illnesses. In most of the cases the stigma is seen as negative stereotype arising out of poor awareness about the condition. In that case the stigma should reduce with the increase in the awareness about the condition. The current study focused upon exploring the stigma towards psychiatric disorders in the mental health trainees. A sample of 50 students of various mental health care training programs; clinical psychology, psychiatry, psychiatric social work and psychiatric nursing, were evaluated for their perceived stigma of psychiatric disorders using three versions of a tool developed to compare self-stigma, family-stigma, and social-stigma. Our results show that participants experienced significantly different levels of stigma for these levels (F (1.65, 81.26) = 56.64, p < 0.0001, ηp2 = 0.536), with highest level of stigma perceived in relation to self (M = 42.8, SE = 1.53) which was significantly more than both family (M = 30.78, SE = 1.19) and society (M = 29.76, SE = 1.24) conditions. The findings were same irrespective of the specialization i.e. clinical psychology, psychiatry etc. within mental health training programs. Further analysis about the group comparison among the mental health trainees suggested that psychiatric nursing group perceived significantly higher level of overall stigma than any other group of specialization. The findings indicate that better understanding of psychiatric condition alone might not eliminate the stigma attached to it.Item Metadata only Snake bite as a novel form of substance abuse: Personality profiles and cultural perspectives(Taylor and Francis, 2011-02-06) Dubey, Indu; Katshu, M.Z.U.H.; Khess, C.R.J.; Sarkhel, S.Item Open Access Social orienting and social seeking behaviors in ASD. A meta analytic investigation(Elsevier, 2020-10-15) Dubey, Indu; Hedger, Nicholas; Chakrabarti, BhismadevSocial motivation accounts of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) posit that individuals with ASD find social stimuli less rewarding than neurotypical (NT) individuals. Behaviorally, this is proposed to manifest in reduced social orienting (individuals with ASD direct less attention towards social stimuli) and reduced social seeking (individuals with ASD invest less effort to receive social stimuli). In two meta-analyses, involving data from over 6000 participants, we review the available behavioral studies that assess social orienting and social seeking behaviors in ASD. We found robust evidence for reduced social orienting in ASD, across a range of paradigms, demographic variables and stimulus contexts. The most robust predictor of this effect was interactive content - effects were larger when the stimulus involved an interaction between people. By contrast, the evidence for reduced social seeking indicated weaker evidence for group differences, observed only under specific experimental conditions. The insights gained from this meta-analysis can inform design of relevant task measures for social reward responsivity and promote directions for further study on the ASD phenotype.Item Metadata only Social seeking declines in young adolescents(The Royal Society, 2017-08-09) Dubey, Indu; Ropar, D.; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.The desire to engage with others is an important motivational force throughout our lifespan. It is known that social behaviour and preferences change from childhood to adulthood, but whether this change is linked with any changes in social motivation is not known. We evaluated 255 typically developing participants from ages 4–20 years on a behavioural paradigm ‘Choose a Movie’ (CAM). On every trial, participants had a choice between viewing social or non-social movies presented with different levels of effort (key presses/screen touch required). Hence, participants chose not only the movie they would watch but also how much effort they would make. The difference between the effort levels of the chosen and not chosen stimuli helps in quantifying the motivation to seek it. This task could be used with all the age groups with minimal adaptations, allowing comparison between the groups. Results showed that children (4–8 years), older adolescents (12–16 years) and young adults (17–20 years) made more effort to look at social movies. Counterintuitively, this preference was not seen in young adolescents (around 9–12 years), giving a U-shaped developmental trajectory over the population. We present the first evidence for non-monotonic developmental change in social motivation in typical participants.Item Metadata only Socio-emotional factors in alcohol dependence(Wolters Kluwer Health Inc, 2014) Dubey, Indu; Tikka, D.L.; Ram, D.; Tikka, S.K.Background: Alcohol-dependent patients are traditionally believed to have insecure attachment styles, higher anger expression, and lower self-esteem. There is a need to study them together. Aim: To understand the relationships amongst various of the socio-emotional factors. Materials and Methods: Forty male patients with Alcohol dependence syndrome and 40 matched healthy controls (General Health Questionnaire-12 score <3) were compared on attachment styles (on Relationship Scale Questionnaire), anger domains (on State Trait Anger Expression Inventory), and self-esteem (on Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale). Statistics and Analysis: Comparison using independent samples t test and chi square test; correlation using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Patients had significantly higher anger expression, 'anger in' and 'anger out,' and lower self-esteem than healthy controls. Severity of alcohol dependence had significant correlation with 'anger out,' and self-esteem had significant negative correlation with anger expression. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the socio-emotional factors studied are developmentally linked to each other.