Browsing by Author "BELINSKAIA, D.A."

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    Esterase activity of serum albumin studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling
    (MDPI, 2021-09-30) BELINSKAIA, D.A.; VORONINA, P.A.; VOVK, M.A.; SHMURAK, V.I.; BATALOVA, A.A.; Jenkins, R. O.; GONCHAROV, N.V.
    Serum albumin possesses esterase and pseudo-esterase activities towards a number of endogenous and exogenous substrates, but the mechanism of interaction of various esters and other compounds with albumin is still unclear. In the present study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H NMR) has been applied to the study of true esterase activity of albumin, using the example of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA). The site of BSA esterase activity was then determined using molecular modelling methods. According to the data obtained, the accumulation of acetate in the presence of BSA in the reaction mixture is much more intense as compared with the spontaneous hydrolysis of NPA, which indicates true esterase activity of albumin towards NPA. Similar results were obtained for p-nitophenyl propionate (NPP) as substrate. The rate of acetate and propionate release confirms the assumption that there is a site of true esterase activity in the albumin molecule, which is different from the site of the pseudo-esterase activity Sudlow II. The results of molecular modelling of BSA and NPA interaction make it possible to postulate that Sudlow site I is the site of true esterase activity of albumin.
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    Organosulfur compounds as nutraceuticals
    (Elsevier, 2021) Goncharov, N. V.; BELINSKAIA, D.A.; UKOLOV, A.I.; Jenkins, R. O.; Avdonin, P. V.
    Organosulfur compounds (OSC) are widely present in our bodies and the natural environment. There are two principal groups of vegetables that contain OSC with special properties. Garlic, onion, shallot, leek, and chives are well-known representatives of the Allium genus (family Amaryllidaceae), that contain S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides. Cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale etc. are representatives of the Brassica genus, and rucola (rocket salad) of the Eruca genus of the mustard or cruciferous family (Brassicaceae), which contain S-methyl cysteine-L-sulfoxide. OSC as nutraceutical agents can serve not only as direct antioxidants trapping electrons, but also have non-antioxidant effects such as antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiageing actions etc. These properties of OSC are useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of various pathological states, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes; they have antibacterial, antiviral and some other activities. Theories have emerged that explain these properties of OSC by their correction of redox-sensing and redox-signaling properties.
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    Serum albumin in health and disease: esterase, antioxidant, transporting and signaling properties
    (MDPI, 2021-09-25) BELINSKAIA, D.A.; VORONINA, P.A.; SHMURAK, V.I.; Jenkins, R. O.; GONCHAROV, N.V.
    Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many animal species, albumin plays a decisive role in the transport of various ions—electrically neutral and charged molecules—and in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood. Albumin is able to bind to almost all known drugs, as well as many nutraceuticals and toxic substances, largely determining their pharmaco and toxicokinetics. Albumin of humans and respective representatives in cattle and rodents have their own structural features that determine species differences in functional properties. However, albumin is not only passive, but also an active participant of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic processes, possessing a number of enzymatic activities. Numerous experiments have shown esterase or pseudoesterase activity of albumin towards a number of endogeneous and exogeneous esters. Due to the free thiol group of Cys34, albumin can serve as a trap for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus participating in redox processes. Glycated albumin makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetes and other diseases. The interaction of albumin with blood cells, blood vessels and tissue cells outside the vascular bed is of great importance. Interactions with endothelial glycocalyx and vascular endothelial cells largely determine the integrative role of albumin. This review considers the esterase, antioxidant, transporting and signaling properties of albumin, as well as its structural and functional modifications and their significance in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.