Browsing by Author "Alblihed, Mohamd Abdulrahman"

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    The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on inflammatory markers and metabolic control in healthy individuals and type 1 diabetics using either insulin pump or multiple dose injection
    (De Montfort University, 2013) Alblihed, Mohamd Abdulrahman
    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by an absolute insulin deficiency resulting from the chronic and progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the immune system cells. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is becoming a popular technique for insulin delivery among T1D patients. Exercise is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic control. Therefore it was of interest to study this in T1D using CSII. The objectives of this thesis were to further understanding of the effect of exercise on blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipids, insulin and inflammatory markers in healthy and T1D volunteers. Three studies have been investigated where the diabetic volunteers used multi daily injections (MDI) or CSII. Firstly a survey was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on T1D patients using CSII therapy. The second study examined the acute and chronic effects of resistance and cardio exercise at moderate intensity on inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in healthy and T1D using MDI or CSII. Finally, a study was undertaken to find out the effects of chronic moderate intensity exercise on lipids profile and glycaemic control in healthy and T1D using MDI or CSII. The statistical analysis of the survey showed that CSII therapy for T1D had a significant reduction on A1c, insulin requirement and improvement of lipids profile compared to MDI. Moreover, majority of CSII users (63%) rarely suffered from hypoglycemia during exercise. The second study demonstrated that acute and chronic exercises have a positive impact on the inflammatory markers among CSII users e.g. in CSII users statistically significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α levels were observed (P=0.014 and P=0.001 respectively). The last study showed that lipids profile, total daily insulin units were improved and A1c levels were significantly reduced in CSII as well as MDI groups after 6 weeks of exercise. T1D affects major organs e.g. heart, kidneys, blood vessels etc. However, good glycaemic control can reduce the risk of diabetes complications. This study suggested that CSII therapy along with exercise can maintain the BG level close to normal, as all 5 participants of the study showed an improvement in their BG levels after exercise.
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    Insulin pump users would not rule out using an implantable artificial pancreas
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2014) Taylor, M. Joan; Gregory, R.; Mitchell, H.; Alblihed, Mohamd Abdulrahman; Alsabih, A.; Tomlins, P.; Sahota, T. S.
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    A Survey Comparing the Management of Diabetes, Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia by Type 1 and Type 2 Insulin Users
    (Scientific and Academic Publishing, 2015-04) Taylor, M. Joan; Sahota, T. S.; Tomlins, P.; Gregory, R.; Alblihed, Mohamd Abdulrahman; Alsabih, A.
    Aim: The opinions and attitudes of type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) insulin users toward their diagnosis, management, treatment and complications as a result of their diabetes were sought. Methods: A bottom-up survey design consisting of 66 open and closed questions was used to determine both positive and negative experiences of patients currently using insulin by injection only. Results: 707 insulin users (71% T1 and 29% T2) predominately from the UK completed the questionnaire. A comparison between T1 and T2 insulin users found that exercise, diet, BG testing and excursions from normoglycaemia were the most common source of difficulty amongst these insulin dependent patients. The majority of T1 participants were found to use a basal bolus insulin regimen (Lantus/Levemir and a short-acting insulin such as Novorapid®, Humalog® or Actrapid® but only 34% of T2 insulin users used a similar system with 35% using biphasic insulin aspart 30 (Novomix®) which may have due to lesser hypoglycaemic events. Conclusions: The results from this survey which focus on the common needs of insulin users show that careful follow-up after diagnosis, frequent testing and education about calorie turnover from intake and exercise are required for both T1 patients but more so for T2 patients whose needs become similar to those of T1 patients once they begin to inject insulin.