Unleashing the Hidden Potential: The Dynamic Duo of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Spectrophotometric Study

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dc.contributor.authorMylona, Valina
dc.contributor.authorAnagnostaki, Eugenia
dc.contributor.authorPetrakis, Stylianos
dc.contributor.authorKosma, Kyriaki
dc.contributor.authorParker, Steven
dc.contributor.authorCronshaw, Mark
dc.contributor.authorPapadogiannis, Nektarios
dc.contributor.authorGrootveld, Martin
dc.date.acceptance2023-06-26
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-05T14:48:54Z
dc.date.available2024-08-05T14:48:54Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-28
dc.descriptionopen access article
dc.description.abstractBackground: Despite intensive research, the ideal protocol applied to maximize the overall benefits of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) remains unexplored. Evidence exists that following aPDT, the diffused light beyond the photosensitizer can exert a secondary therapeutic effect known as photobiomodulation (PBM), which stimulates the healing of the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the attenuation properties of five different photosen- sitizers activated by their corresponding laser wavelengths. Methods: The illumination of various concentrations of chosen photosensitizers, curcumin, methylene blue, toluidine blue, indocyanine green and a methylene blue derivative, irradiated by their respective laser wavelengths (445 nm, 635 nm, 660 nm and 808 nm) was explored via a spectrophotometric analysis. The onward transmitted light intensities for each combination of a photosensitizer and laser wavelength were assessed. The attenuation percentages observed were statistically evaluated using an analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) model. A Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to determine the significance of differences between individual group mean values. Results: With the exception of toluidine blue illuminated by an 808 nm laser, which showed the lowest intensity loss, all the other photosensitizers presented an attenuation range of 63% to 99%. Conclusions: At appropriate concentrations, all the examined photosensitizers may allow the passage of sufficient wavelength-dependent light transmission. Calculated fluences are proposed to achieve secondary, beneficial PBM effects.
dc.funderNo external funder
dc.identifier.citationMylona, V. et al. (2023) Unleashing the Hidden Potential: The Dynamic Duo of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Spectrophotometric Study. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13 (13). 7647
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app13137647
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2086/24100
dc.language.isoen
dc.peerreviewedYes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectaPDT
dc.subjectattenuation
dc.subjectdentistry
dc.subjectlaser
dc.subjectoptical properties
dc.subjectPBM
dc.subjectphotobiomodulation
dc.subjectphoto- dynamic therapy
dc.subjectphotosensitizer
dc.subjectspectrophotometric 1
dc.titleUnleashing the Hidden Potential: The Dynamic Duo of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Spectrophotometric Study
dc.typeArticle

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