Browsing by Author "Patel, Ashok"

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    Achieving enhanced learning, greater re-usability and wider acceptance for multimedia learning environments.
    (MCB University Press, 2001) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Russell, David
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    Adaptivity through the Use of Mobile Agents in Web-based Student Modelling
    (AACE, 2002-07) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Hong, Hong
    The proliferation of computers, the advent of Internet and the steady gain in the popularity of distance education greatly influence our educational environment. Educational information on the web has increased exponentially, and web-based learning is currently an important research-and0-development area. web-based learning environments are becoming mainstream applications for the educational community. However, they have a number of common deficiencies, such as limited or non-existent adaptivity for individual students, low-bandwidth connection, resulting in slow access to the course. a number of attempts have been made to circumvent these problems, but a solution to one problem often impedes solutions to the remaining problems. Emerging intelligent mobile agents have huge potential to address these deficiencies.
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    Applied artificial intelligence for teaching numeric topics in engineering disciplines
    (Springer, 1996) Patel, Ashok; Kinshuk
    This paper presents a model of Computer Integrated Learning Environments (CILE) as adopted by TLTP Byzantium and the role of an Intelligent Tutoring Tool (ITT) within this model. It reviews the implementation of artificial intelligence, discussing the methodology used in storing the knowledge rules and their application by the inference engine. An ITT is a fine grain tutoring tool that provides for learning as well as assessing the conceptual knowledge with the help of a student model, a remote expert model and a local expert model. The dominant consideration in the design of an ITT is to keep the feedback short and simple and to drop to a finer grain size, through a suitable interface, wherever necessary. Other aspects of the ITT design are also discussed and some of the main features and weaknesses are identified.
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    Assessment in a Cognitive Apprenticeship Based Learning Environment - Potential and Pitfalls
    (Kogan Page, 1999) Patel, Ashok; Russell, David; Kinshuk
    The Cognitive Apprenticeship-Based Learning Environments (CABLE) approach to designing tutoring systems is very popular, especially within the applied domains where learning is more concerned with the operational knowledge. Since CABLE can accommodate both the 'instruction' and 'construction' of knowledge and involves active engagement it has been more successful as demonstrated by the popularity and wide acceptance of simulation-based tutoring systems. A CABLE-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) provides powerful learning and assessment opportunities, however, merely tagging assessment functionality on to a system designed for teaching may be unsatisfactory. The assessment system needs to be considered separately. Though the use of information and communication technology for assessment has come a long way, there are even more exciting possibilities ahead, provided we are cognizant of the possible pitfalls arising from the manner in which the technology is applied.
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    Byzantium for learning accounting in English Business Schools
    (Kogan Page, 2003) Patel, Ashok
    This paper describes Byzantium’s design, development and evaluation, and discusses how students and staff can use the software. It includes details of its successful use at Business Schools in two English universities, Liverpool John Moores University and the University of Hertfordshire, and ends with a discussion of proposed changes that would increase its flexibility and usefulness. Byzantium is interactive computer-aided learning software for several topics in introductory financial and management accounting for business school students. It emulates a human tutor and provides students with opportunities to learn, practise and test their skills. After prototype development at De Montfort University (1990-93), Byzantium was developed by a consortium of six universities within the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme of the Higher Education Funding Councils of the United Kingdom (1993-97).
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    The Challenges Faced by Integrating Islamic Corporate Governance in Companies of Gulf Countries with Non-Islamic Companies Across Border through Merger and Acquisition
    (Australasian Journal of Islamic Finance and Business (AJIFB), 2017-04) Bindabel, Wardah; Patel, Ashok; Yekini, Cecilia Olukemi
    One method of achieving company expansion to address new markets and access cheaper funds is through international mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The companies in the Gulf zone following Islamic principles are keen to engage with non-Islamic companies, for example, European companies to access the benefits of globalization. However, for such takeover to succeed, congruence between the organization culture and the control system is necessary. The potentially diverse external legal and political environments can generate areas of concerns, which can only be addressed through harmonization of the corporate and financial governance of such organizations. There is a considerable body of literature on differences between Islamic and conventional corporate governance (CG), especially on financial models. However, not much research has been conducted on international M&A between companies following Islamic and the conventional CG. Such research is necessary, especially between different Islamic countries, to better the understand critical issues and let companies make more informed decisions. This study investigates the variation and extent of the Shariah CG code compliances among Islamic companies in three Gulf countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates, and how it affect international crossborder M&A among the companies with the western ones. It was found that despite the strong economic and cultural ties between the Gulf countries states; there was diversity in the application of Islamic law within the selected countries and its effect on the international M&A. This paper can provide some insights view in controlling and organizing the M&A activities between Islamic and non-Islamic financial institutions, as the Islamic governance in practical terms, cannot be viewed as an identical homogenous practice across the Islamic domain. Cultural variations do exist.
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    Cognitive Apprenticeship Learning - Ensuring Far Transfer of Knowledge Through Computer-Based Assessment
    (Kogan Page, 2003) Patel, Ashok; Kinshuk; Russell, David
    The notion of computer-based assessment encompasses both the formative and summative assessments. The former provides opportunities for self-testing and is crucial for convincing the learners that they have learnt something. The latter periodically attempts to assess learner performance. This chapter discusses the central role of formative assessment in the design of tutoring systems and how computer-based assessment has been implemented in the ‘Byzantium’ intelligent tutoring system. Byzantium was produced by a consortium of six Universities under the Teaching & Learning Technology Programme (TLTP) of the UK Higher Education Funding Councils and has been independently evaluated at a Scottish University.
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    Cognitive skills acquisition and computer based intelligent tutoring tools.
    (Swets and Zeitlinger, 2002) Patel, Ashok; Kinshuk; Russell, David
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    Corporate Social Responsibility, Waqf System and Zakat System as Faith-Based Model for Poverty Reduction
    (Emerald, 2014) Raimi, L.; Patel, Ashok; Adelopo, Ismail
    Poverty is a plague which has continental manifestation, but its impact is heavily felt in several Muslim majority nations (MMNs), where unemployment, illiteracy, chronic diseases, food shortage, sectarian wars and wave of militancy are surging at alarming rates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a faith-based model (FBM) to complement the conventional poverty reduction models. Experiences have shown that FBMs find more acceptability among Muslim nations because they have theoretical and theological underpinnings from the Qur’an and Hadith, as opposed to conventional models that are often viewed with suspicion, sequel to Islamic revivalism. This research adopts a qualitative research method relying on secondary data/information sourced from CIA Factbook, previous scholarly works, working papers, case studies and relevant internet resources. In line with methodological approach of qualitative research, the secondary data/information were subjected to content and thematic analyses (CTA) from which facts, figures and presumptions were derived to support the FBM. The paper justifies the plausibility of integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR), Waqf system (WS) and Zakat system (TZS) as FBM for poverty reduction, enterprise development and economic empowerment in MMNs.
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    Cost accounting.
    (Financial Times/ Prentice Hall, 2001) Russell, David; Wilkinson-Riddle, G. J.; Patel, Ashok
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    Harnessing the potentials of technology incubation centres (TICs) as tools for fast-tracking entrepreneurship development ans actualisation of the Vision 20:2020 in Nigeria
    (Emerald, 2014) Akhuemonkhan, Innocent; Raimi, L.; Patel, Ashok; Fadipe, A. O.
    Purpose - Entrepreneurship development in Nigeria requires the adoption and assimilation of enterprise development models from nations with replicable success stories. technology incubation centre (TIC) is one of the potent mechanism that launched the "BRICS nations" - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa - to global prominence as the five biggest economies. This paper attempts to unveil the potential of TICs as novel tool for entrepreneurship development and actualisation of the Vision 20:2020 in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - The authors adopt analytical and discursive approaches using qualitative and quantitative data sourced from Industrial policy documents, Goldman Sachs report, online databases of the government agencies, Vision 20:2020 policy document and published articles on the subject matter. The generated data were subjected to content and thematic analyses, on the basis of which relevant conclusions were drawn. Findings: The findings from the research indicate that there are 37 TICs in Nigeria with very weak socio-economic impact on job creation, wealth creation and industrial development in Nigeria. However, for the BRICS nations adopted as comparative models, TICs have impacted positively on job creation, wealth creation and economic development of the five nations. Research limitations/implications – The paper is essentially discursive and subjective. Further research on this subject matter should explore empirical analysis for an objective assessment of the situation. Practical implications – This paper underscores the need for harmonisation of policy objectives with policy implementation. At present, there are gaps between TIC policy objectives and woeful performance of the 37 TICs in Nigeria. Social implications – For Nigeria, to enhance job creation, wealth creation and economic development in the society, there is the need for functional TICs at local, institutional, regional, state and national levels. Originality/value – The paper unveils the gap between economic theory and practical model implementation in developing economy (Nigeria). It is a major contribution to the functionalist and structuralist debates on why policies fail.
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    Human Teacher in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Forgotten Entity!
    (IEEE, 2001) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Hong, Hong; Tretiakov, Alexei
    Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have not yet proved successful and one major reason seems to be that research on ITSs has largely failed to recognise the role of the teacher in the ITS design process. This paper discusses an undergoing project at Massey University, which is incorporating a 'Human Teacher Model' in an ITS prototype to teach Japanese. The project identifies the teacher attributes and formulates them into a coherent teacher model. They are then applied in the prototype, which offers adaptivity to teacher at two levels: presentation based adaptivity and navigation based adaptivity. we believe this work will substantially improve the applicability of ITSs in real academic environment.
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    Hyper-ITS: A web-Based architecture for Evolving and Configurable Learning Environment
    (Aravali books International (P) Ltd. Network for Staff and Education Development, 1999) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Russell, David
    The World Wide Web facilitates co-operative teaching and learning, offering an exciting potential for sharing both the learning resources as well as the tasks of creating new learning resources through international collaboration. The mainstay of the web so far, the Hyper-text and Hyper-media offer a link based flexible architecture where addition, amendment and removal of material is relatively easy. This allows incremental construction and upgrading of web based systems to facilitate division of large tasks, easier prototyping and the ability to selectively update various learning resources to keep them current as well as to take advantage of improving technologies. This paper proposes a web based architecture for intelligent tutoring systems that extends similar benefits to designing interactive learning, particularly with reference to Cognitive Apprenticeship Based Learning Environments (CABLE). Since the acquisition of cognitive skills is critical for learning any applied discipline, there will always be a need for interactive learning environments where the learner can practice to acquire new skills and to improve the grasp over any theoretical learning. Since the current web based learning systems cannot adequately provide for interactive learning that is supported by dynamic feedback, it is important to extend the benefits of the traditional ITS to the web based systems through a modular architecture supported by authoring tools and an indexing mechanism for the repository of the various tutoring components.
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    Implementation Issues in Web-based Training
    (Education Technology Publications, 2001) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok
    Web-based training systems (WTBS) can relatively easily be designed as muliti-sensory systems, offering flexible navigation through different parts and types of information. They allow relative ease of modification and extension, facilitating incremental design and improvement strategies for creating instructional resources. A further advantage is that both the training resources as well as the tasks of their creation can be shared across geographical distant regions. For vocational and workplace training, it is possible to provide rich contextual information for situating what is learned and thus enable rapid and relevant knowledge construction by trainees.
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    Implementing Cognitive Apprenticeship and Conversation Theory in Interactive Web-based Learning Systems
    (International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, 2002) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Russell, David
    Collin, Brown and Newman’s Cognitive Apprenticeship Model and Pask’s Conversation Theory, both explain the constructivist nature of learning and inform the design of suitable learning resources. This paper briefly discusses the key aspects of both the above model and theory, providing a practical example of their implementation in an intelligent learning system, which has been widely used in multiple institutions in United Kingdom and which was found in an independent evaluation to have achieved significantly improved student performance in the type of learning addressed by it. The paper focuses on cognitive skills acquired through interactive learning and suggests that the different phases of skill acquisition are due to semantically semi-synchronous conversations. It foresees even greater advantages of designing such interactive learning systems on the World Wide Web and briefly describes the exciting possibilities of distributing development effort to build up an inventory of multiple versions of configurable and extensible building blocks of learning systems that are adaptable to the implementing teachers.
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    Information and communications technology and auditing: Current implications and future directions.
    (Wiley, 2010-07) Omoteso, Kamil; Patel, Ashok; Scott, Peter
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    Information and communications technology: A meta level perspective
    (Common Ground, 2007) Omoteso, Kamil; Patel, Ashok; Scott, Peter
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    Intelligent and Adaptive Systems
    (Springer, 2002) Kinshuk; Patel, Ashok; Russell, David
    Intelligence and adaptation have been very important factors in designing learning systems. While the research in the field has yielded much useful information, a lot more remains to be done. We suggest that adopting a granular structure reduces some of the complexity and consideration of the teacher as an environmental context od the system is crucial for its success. The discussion is based onour experience of designing and implementing such a system and feedback from a comparative independent study.
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    Intelligent tutoring tools for cognitive skill acquisition in life long learning.
    (International Forum of Educational Technology & Society, 2000) Patel, Ashok; Russell, David; Kinshuk